机

See also: 機 and 檯

机	U+673A, 机 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-673A

← 朹
[U+6739]

CJK Unified Ideographs

朻 →
[U+673B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japanese	机∣機
Simplified	机
Traditional	机∣機

Han character

机 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 木竹弓 (DHN), four-corner 4791₀, composition ⿰木几)

Derived characters

𣌯, 𦊵, 𪳴, 𩍊

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 510, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14435
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1155, character 4
Unihan data for U+673A

Usage notes

Note that in Japanese, traditional Chinese, and Korean, both 机 and 機 are used with separate meanings (机: desk and 機: machine; airplane; chance) while in simplified Chinese, 机 is the simplified form of 機.

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (几) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
肌	*kril
飢	*kril
机	kril, krilʔ
虮	*kril
几	*krilʔ
麂	*krilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kril, *krilʔ): semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 几 (OC *krilʔ).

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 机 – see 機 (“weaving machine; spinning machine; machine; apparatus; device; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 機).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		机

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jī, jǐ (ji¹, ji³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ, ㄐㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei¹ / gei²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jī
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ji
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
  - Wade–Giles: chi³
  - Yale: jǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gei¹ / gei²
  - Yale: gēi / géi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ / gei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ / géi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵/, /kei̯³⁵/

Note: gei2 - variant.

Middle Chinese: kjij, kjijX

Rime
Character	机	机
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居夷切	居履切
Baxter	kjij	kjijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kiɪ/	/kiɪ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ki/	/ki^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kjɪ/	/kjɪ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ki/	/ki^X/
Li Rong	/ki/	/ki^X/
Wang Li	/ki/	/ki^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki/	/ki^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī	jǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei¹	gei²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*krəjʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kril/, /*krilʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	机
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jī
Middle Chinese	‹ kij^X ›
Old Chinese	/*krəjʔ/
English	small table, stool
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	机	机
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5758	5761
Phonetic component	几	几
Rime group	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	飢	几
Old Chinese	/*kril/	/*krilʔ/

Definitions

机

alternative form of 几 (“small table; stool”)
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alder
a surname

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wèi (wei⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
  - Wade–Giles: wei⁴
  - Yale: wèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
  - Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/

Definitions

机

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) chopping board

Japanese

Kanji

机

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

desk, table

Readings

Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: つくえ (tsukue, 机, Jōyō)、おしまずき (oshimazuki)

Compounds

机(き)下(か) (kika)
机(き)上(じょう) (kijō)
机(き)辺(へん) (kihen)
経(きょう)机(つくえ) (kyōtsukue)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
机
つくえ Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
案 (rare)

Inherited from Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つくえ [tsùkúé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨ̥kɯ̟e̞]

Noun

机(つくえ) • (tsukue) ^{←つくえ (tukue)^?}^{[n 1]}

desk; table
机(つくえ)の上(うえ)に本(ほん)が三(さん)冊(さつ)ある。
Tsukue no ue ni hon ga sansatsu aru.
There are three books on the desk.

Notes

^ In pre-WWII literature, the historical kana spelling was mistaken to be つくゑ. Sources from the Heian period show つくえ, which is now accepted as correct.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

机 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)

desk

Vietnamese

Han character

机: Hán Nôm readings: cơ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[3] In pre-WWII literature, the historical kana spelling was mistaken to be つくゑ. Sources from the Heian period show つくえ, which is now accepted as correct.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[n 1]