脂

脂	U+8102, 脂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8102

← 脁
[U+8101]

CJK Unified Ideographs

脃 →
[U+8103]

Translingual

Han character

脂 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月心日 (BPA), four-corner 7126₁, composition ⿰月旨(GJK) or ⿰⺼旨(HT))

Derived characters

㴯, 𫆻

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 981, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29463
Dae Jaweon: page 1434, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2069, character 6
Unihan data for U+8102

Chinese

trad.		脂
simp. ^#		脂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 脂
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (旨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
稽	kiː, kʰiːʔ
詣	*ŋɡiːs
栺	ŋɡiːs, kji
榰	*klje
脂	*kji
鴲	kji, kjis
指	*kjiʔ
旨	*kjiʔ
恉	*kjiʔ
嗜	*ɡjis
蓍	*qʰlji
鰭	*ɡri
耆	*ɡri
鮨	*ɡri
鬐	*ɡri

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kji): semantic 月 (“meat”) + phonetic 旨 (OC *kjiʔ).

Etymology

It is thought to descend from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsil (“fat, grease”), although the initial does not match the one of the Old Chinese reconstruction (Matisoff, STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhī, zhǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄓ, ㄓˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂
Eastern Min (BUC): ciĕ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zi¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chi / chí

(Teochew, Peng'im): zin¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹tsy / ¹tsyu
- (Jinhua): ¹tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhī
  - Zhuyin: ㄓ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhih
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹
  - Yale: jr̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
  - Wade–Giles: chih³
  - Yale: jř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciĕ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sie⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zi¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ci
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi
  - Tâi-lô: tsi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cy
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
  - Tâi-lô: tsí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cie
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡si⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zin¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsy
  - MiniDict: tsy^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sz̩³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡sz̩⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡sz̩⁵²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Kunshan)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsyu
  - MiniDict: tsyu^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sz̩ʷ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /t͡sz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsy
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡sz̩³³⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsyij

Rime
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	旨夷切
Baxter	tsyij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕi/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ci/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕi/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kij/

(Zhengzhang): /*kji/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyij ›
Old Chinese	/*kij/
English	fat, grease
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脂
Reading #	1/1
No.	17322
Phonetic component	旨
Rime group
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kji/

Definitions

脂

fat; grease; lard
- 手如柔荑，膚如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  手如柔荑，肤如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shǒu rú róu tí, fū rú níng zhī. [Pinyin]
  Her fingers were like the blades of the young white-grass;
  Her skin was like congealed ointment;
short for 胭脂 (yānzhi, “rouge”)
脂粉 ― zhīfěn ― rouge and powder

Compounds

不施脂粉
乳脂湯 / 乳脂汤
低脂
全脂奶粉
六朝脂粉
凝脂 (níngzhī)
卵磷脂 (luǎnlínzhī)
口脂
合成樹脂 / 合成树脂
塗脂抹粉 / 涂脂抹粉
抹粉施脂
掠脂斡肉
搽脂抹粉
擦脂抹粉
松脂 (sōngzhī)
松脂石
樹脂 / 树脂 (shùzhī)
民脂民膏 (mínzhīmíngāo)
民膏民脂
氟樹脂 / 氟树脂
油脂 (yóuzhī)
燕脂
瓊脂 / 琼脂 (qióngzhī)
畫脂鏤冰 / 画脂镂冰
皮脂 (pízhī)
皮脂腺 (pízhīxiàn)
石脂
硬脂
硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
磷脂質 / 磷脂质
礦脂 / 矿脂 (kuàngzhī)
羊毛脂 (yángmáozhī)
羊脂玉
羊脂白
脂油 (zhīyóu)
脂澤 / 脂泽
脂粉 (zhīfěn)
脂粉小說 / 脂粉小说
脂粉氣 / 脂粉气 (zhīfěnqì)
脂肽 (zhītài)
脂肪 (zhīfáng)
脂肪瘤 (zhīfángliú)
脂肪腺
脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)
胭脂
胭脂井
胭脂花粉
胭脂虎
胰脂酶
脂腴
脂膏 (zhīgāo)
脂膏不潤 / 脂膏不润
脂膘
脂韋 / 脂韦
脂鯉 / 脂鲤 (zhīlǐ)
脂麻 (zhīma)
脣脂 / 唇脂
脫脂 / 脱脂 (tuōzhī)
脫脂奶粉 / 脱脂奶粉
脫脂棉 / 脱脂棉
脣若塗脂 / 唇若涂脂 (chúnruòtúzhī)
脣若施脂 / 唇若施脂
腸脂垂 / 肠脂垂 (chángzhīchuí)
血脂肪
赤石脂 (chìshízhī)
軟脂酸 / 软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)
飽和脂肪 / 饱和脂肪 (bǎohé zhīfáng)
魚石脂 / 鱼石脂
鵝脂 / 鹅脂

References

“脂”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

脂

(Jōyō kanji)

fat

Readings

Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
Kun: あぶら (abura, 脂, Jōyō)、やに (yani, 脂)、あぶらぎる (aburagiru, 脂ぎる)

Compounds

牛(ぎゅう)脂(し) (gyūshi): tallow of cow
脂(し)肪(ぼう) (shibō): fat
松(まつ)脂(やに) (matsuyani), 松(しょう)脂(し) (shōshi): pine resin
獣(じゅう)脂(し) (jūshi): tallow
豚(とん)脂(し) (tonshi): lard
皮(ひ)脂(し) (hishi): sebum
雲(ふ)脂(け) (fuke): dandruff

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
脂
あぶら Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 脂 – see the following entry.

【あぶら】

[noun] fat

[noun] skin oil

(This term, 脂, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
脂
やに Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 脂 – see the following entry.

【やに】	[noun] resin [noun] tar (byproduct of tobacco smoke) [noun] rheum Alternative spelling 膠

(This term, 脂, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

脂 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

脂: Hán Nôm readings: chi, chỉ, mạnh

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.