膚
See also: 肤
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Translingual
Han character
膚 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜心田月 (YPWB), four-corner 21227, composition ⿸虍胃)
Derived characters
- 𰊼, 𫻖, 𬉜, 𦢚, 𬬚, 𰕘, 𤮣, 𧀴, 𰪠, 𬮗
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 992, character 28
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29829
- Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2107, character 5
- Unihan data for U+819A
Chinese
| trad. | 膚 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 肤 | |
| alternative forms | 肤 𦢚 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 膚 |
|---|
| Western Zhou |
| Bronze inscriptions |
Characters in the same phonetic series (虍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 唬 | *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ |
| 戲 | *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː |
| 巇 | *qʰra |
| 隵 | *qʰra |
| 嚱 | *qʰras |
| 盧 | *b·raː |
| 鑪 | *raː |
| 壚 | *raː |
| 籚 | *raː |
| 蘆 | *raː, *ra |
| 顱 | *b·raː |
| 髗 | *b·raː |
| 鱸 | *raː |
| 攎 | *raː |
| 櫨 | *raː |
| 轤 | *raː |
| 黸 | *raː |
| 獹 | *raː |
| 鸕 | *raː |
| 艫 | *raː |
| 纑 | *raː |
| 瀘 | *raː |
| 瓐 | *raː |
| 爐 | *raː |
| 嚧 | *raː |
| 矑 | *b·raː |
| 罏 | *raː |
| 蠦 | *raː |
| 虜 | *raːʔ |
| 擄 | *raːʔ |
| 艣 | *raːʔ |
| 鐪 | *raːʔ |
| 虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
| 虍 | *qʰaː |
| 雐 | *qʰʷlaː |
| 虎 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 琥 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 萀 | *qʰlaːʔ |
| 臚 | *b·ra |
| 廬 | *ra |
| 驢 | *b·ra |
| 藘 | *ra |
| 爈 | *ra, *ras |
| 櫖 | *ra, *ras |
| 儢 | *raʔ |
| 慮 | *ras |
| 勴 | *ras |
| 鑢 | *ras |
| 濾 | *ras |
| 攄 | *r̥ʰa |
| 處 | *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas |
| 豦 | *kas, *ɡa |
| 據 | *kas |
| 鐻 | *kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ |
| 澽 | *kas, *ɡas |
| 虛 | *kʰa, *qʰa |
| 墟 | *kʰa |
| 懅 | *ɡa |
| 蘧 | *ɡa, *ɡʷa |
| 籧 | *ɡa |
| 醵 | *ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ |
| 璩 | *ɡa |
| 虡 | *ɡaʔ |
| 遽 | *ɡas |
| 勮 | *ɡas |
| 噓 | *qʰa, *qʰas |
| 驉 | *qʰa |
| 歔 | *qʰa |
| 魖 | *qʰa |
| 膚 | *pla |
| 虧 | *kʰʷral |
| 噱 | *ɡaɡ |
| 臄 | *ɡaɡ |
| 劇 | *ɡaɡ |
| 諕 | *qʰʷraːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 肉 (“meat”) + abbreviated 盧 (“vessel; rice bowl”) — skin, which covers the innards like the exterior of a rice bowl.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r/j)a (“skin”) (STEDT). This form likely represents the root while 皮 (OC *bral) is its derivative with a voicing prefix, most likely PST *m-, found in several OC words for body parts like 鼻 (OC *m-bi[t]-s, “nose”), 肚 (OC *m-tˤaʔ, “belly”), 右 (OC *[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s (~ *m-qʷəʔ), “right-hand”) and 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fu1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fû
- Northern Min (KCR): hú
- Eastern Min (BUC): hŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1fu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fū
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fu
- Wade–Giles: fu1
- Yale: fū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fu
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fu1
- Yale: fū
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu1
- Guangdong Romanization: fu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fû
- Hakka Romanization System: fuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fu1
- Sinological IPA: /fu²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hú
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hu
- Tâi-lô: hu
- Phofsit Daibuun: hw
- IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hu³³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /hu⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hu1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hu
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu³³/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: pju
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pra/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pla/
Definitions
膚
- skin
- 膚如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Fū rú níngzhī. [Pinyin]
- Her skin was like congealed ointment.
肤如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- superficial; shallow
- great
- (alt. form 扶) ancient unit of length equal to the width of four fingers
Compounds
- 切膚 / 切肤 (qièfū)
- 切膚之痛 / 切肤之痛
- 剝膚 / 剥肤
- 剝膚椎髓 / 剥肤椎髓
- 剝膚錐髓 / 剥肤锥髓
- 噬膚 / 噬肤
- 完膚 / 完肤 (wánfū)
- 末學膚受 / 末学肤受
- 浹髓淪膚 / 浃髓沦肤
- 潤膚 / 润肤 (rùnfū)
- 炙膚皸足 / 炙肤皲足
- 皮膚 / 皮肤 (pífū)
- 皮膚炎 / 皮肤炎 (pífūyán)
- 皮膚甲錯 / 皮肤甲错
- 皮膚病 / 皮肤病 (pífūbìng)
- 皮膚癌 / 皮肤癌 (pífū'ái)
- 皮膚肌炎 / 皮肤肌炎 (pífūjīyán)
- 肌無完膚 / 肌无完肤
- 肌膚 / 肌肤 (jīfū)
- 肌膚之愛 / 肌肤之爱
- 肌膚之親 / 肌肤之亲 (jīfūzhīqīn)
- 膚公 / 肤公
- 膚功 / 肤功
- 膚受 / 肤受
- 膚如刻畫 / 肤如刻画
- 膚寸 / 肤寸
- 膚廓 / 肤廓
- 膚敏 / 肤敏
- 膚橈目逃 / 肤桡目逃
- 膚泛 / 肤泛
- 膚淺 / 肤浅 (fūqiǎn)
- 膚色 / 肤色 (fūsè)
- 膚見 / 肤见
- 膚革 / 肤革
- 身無完膚 / 身无完肤
- 身體髮膚 / 身体发肤
- 雞膚鶴髮 / 鸡肤鹤发
- 體無完膚 / 体无完肤 (tǐwúwánfū)
- 鹽膚木 / 盐肤木
Descendants
- → Thai: ผิว (pǐu)
Japanese
Kanji
膚
Readings
Compounds
- 皮膚 (hifu): skin
- 皮膚科 (hifuka): dermatology
- 皮膚科医 (hifukai): dermatologist
- 皮膚病 (hifubyō): dermatosis, skin diseases
- 皮膚癌 (hifugan): skin cancer
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 膚 |
| はだ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 膚 – see the following entries. | ||
| ||
| ||
| (This term, 膚, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 膚 (MC pju). Recorded as Middle Korean 부 (pwu) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]