艫

See also: 櫓 and 舻

艫	U+826B, 艫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-826B

← 艪
[U+826A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

艬 →
[U+826C]

Translingual

Han character

艫 (Kangxi radical 137, 舟+16, 22 strokes, cangjie input 竹卜卜心廿 (HYYPT), four-corner 2141₇, composition ⿰舟盧)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1013, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30582
Dae Jaweon: page 1472, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3069, character 21
Unihan data for U+826B

Chinese

trad.		艫
simp.		舻
alternative forms		舮

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (虍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
唬	qʰraːs, kʷraːɡ
戲	qʰral, qʰrals, *qʰaː
巇	*qʰra
隵	*qʰra
嚱	*qʰras
盧	*b·raː
鑪	*raː
壚	*raː
籚	*raː
蘆	raː, ra
顱	*b·raː
髗	*b·raː
鱸	*raː
攎	*raː
櫨	*raː
轤	*raː
黸	*raː
獹	*raː
鸕	*raː
艫	*raː
纑	*raː
瀘	*raː
瓐	*raː
爐	*raː
嚧	*raː
矑	*b·raː
罏	*raː
蠦	*raː
虜	*raːʔ
擄	*raːʔ
艣	*raːʔ
鐪	*raːʔ
虖	qʰaː, qʰʷa, qʰaː, qʰʷa
虍	*qʰaː
雐	*qʰʷlaː
虎	*qʰlaːʔ
琥	*qʰlaːʔ
萀	*qʰlaːʔ
臚	*b·ra
廬	*ra
驢	*b·ra
藘	*ra
爈	ra, ras
櫖	ra, ras
儢	*raʔ
慮	*ras
勴	*ras
鑢	*ras
濾	*ras
攄	*r̥ʰa
處	kʰljaʔ, kʰljas
豦	kas, ɡa
據	*kas
鐻	kas, ɡa, *ɡaʔ
澽	kas, ɡas
虛	kʰa, qʰa
墟	*kʰa
懅	*ɡa
蘧	ɡa, ɡʷa
籧	*ɡa
醵	ɡa, ɡas, *ɡaɡ
璩	*ɡa
虡	*ɡaʔ
遽	*ɡas
勮	*ɡas
噓	qʰa, qʰas
驉	*qʰa
歔	*qʰa
魖	*qʰa
膚	*pla
虧	*kʰʷral
噱	*ɡaɡ
臄	*ɡaɡ
劇	*ɡaɡ
諕	*qʰʷraːɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lú (lu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lú
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lú
  - Wade–Giles: lu²
  - Yale: lú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lu
  - Palladius: лу (lu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lou⁴
  - Yale: lòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: lu

Rime
Character	艫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	落胡切
Baxter	lu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luo/
Pan Wuyun	/luo/
Shao Rongfen	/lo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɔ/
Li Rong	/lo/
Wang Li	/lu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/luo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lou⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*raː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	艫
Reading #	1/1
No.	5213
Phonetic component	虍
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	盧
Old Chinese	/*raː/

Definitions

艫

bow
stern
(by extension) ship

Compounds

舳艫 / 舳舻 (zhúlú)
舳艫千里
舳艫啣接 / 舳舻衔接
舳艫相繼 / 舳舻相继
軸艫千里 / 轴舻千里

Japanese

Kanji

艫

(Hyōgai kanji)

a prow
a stern

Readings

Go-on: る (ru)
Kan-on: ろ (ro)
Kun: とも (tomo, 艫)、へさき (hesaki, 艫)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
艫
とも Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
舳

⟨to₂mo⟩ → */təm{o,ə}/ → /tomo/

From Old Japanese; attested in the Man'yōshū (c. 759)^[1]^[2], from Proto-Japonic *təmə.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とも [tóꜜmò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]
(Tokyo) とも [tòmóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[3]^[7]
IPA^(key): [to̞mo̞]

(Kyoto) とも [tómò] (Kōki)^[1]^[6]^[3]

(Kagoshima) とも [tómò] (type A)^[6]

(Kagoshima) とも [tòmóꜜ] (type B)^[3]

Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent

(the Heian period) LL
(the Edo period) HL

※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: ^[1]

Noun

艫(とも) • (tomo)

(nautical) the stern of a boat
Synonyms: 船尾 (senbi), 艫 (ro)

Derived terms

艫座(ともざ) (tomoza)
逆艫(さかども) (sakadomo)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
艫
ろ Hyōgai
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 艫 (MC lu).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ろ [rò] (Heiban – [0])^[8]
IPA^(key): [ɾo̞]

(Kyoto) ろ [ró] (Kōki – [0])^[6]

(Kagoshima) ろぉ [rô] (type A)^[6]

Noun

艫(ろ) • (ro)

the stern of a boat
Synonyms: 船尾 (senbi), 艫 (tomo)
the prow of a boat
Synonyms: 船首 (senshu), 舳先 (hesaki)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
艫
へさき Hyōgai
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 艫 – see the following entry: へさき

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: へさき.)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 “とも【艫・舳】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 504
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Hirayama, Teruo (平山照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島一郎), Ōno Masao (大野眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野眞), Kuno Mariko (久野マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], volume 4, Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院), page 3561
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ “ろ【艫】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja

艫 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

艫: Hán Nôm readings: lỗ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ2Otomo-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 “とも【艫・舳】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

[JDB-2] Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 504

[GNHDtomo-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Hirayama, Teruo (平山照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島一郎), Ōno Masao (大野眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野眞), Kuno Mariko (久野マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], volume 4, Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院), page 3561

[DJR-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK7-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[ZAJ-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

[NHK-7] 7.0 ^7.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[KDJ2Oro-8] “ろ【艫】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

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