Translingual
Han character
虧 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜土一一尸 (YGMMS), four-corner 21227, composition ⿰雐亏(GHTV) or ⿰雐亐(JK))
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1075, character 42
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32770
- Dae Jaweon: page 1544, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2830, character 14
- Unihan data for U+8667
Chinese
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (
虍)
(Zhengzhang, 2003)
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 唬
|
*qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ
|
| 戲
|
*qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː
|
| 巇
|
*qʰra
|
| 隵
|
*qʰra
|
| 嚱
|
*qʰras
|
| 盧
|
*b·raː
|
| 鑪
|
*raː
|
| 壚
|
*raː
|
| 籚
|
*raː
|
| 蘆
|
*raː, *ra
|
| 顱
|
*b·raː
|
| 髗
|
*b·raː
|
| 鱸
|
*raː
|
| 攎
|
*raː
|
| 櫨
|
*raː
|
| 轤
|
*raː
|
| 黸
|
*raː
|
| 獹
|
*raː
|
| 鸕
|
*raː
|
| 艫
|
*raː
|
| 纑
|
*raː
|
| 瀘
|
*raː
|
| 瓐
|
*raː
|
| 爐
|
*raː
|
| 嚧
|
*raː
|
| 矑
|
*b·raː
|
| 罏
|
*raː
|
| 蠦
|
*raː
|
| 虜
|
*raːʔ
|
| 擄
|
*raːʔ
|
| 艣
|
*raːʔ
|
| 鐪
|
*raːʔ
|
| 虖
|
*qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa
|
| 虍
|
*qʰaː
|
| 雐
|
*qʰʷlaː
|
| 虎
|
*qʰlaːʔ
|
| 琥
|
*qʰlaːʔ
|
| 萀
|
*qʰlaːʔ
|
| 臚
|
*b·ra
|
| 廬
|
*ra
|
| 驢
|
*b·ra
|
| 藘
|
*ra
|
| 爈
|
*ra, *ras
|
| 櫖
|
*ra, *ras
|
| 儢
|
*raʔ
|
| 慮
|
*ras
|
| 勴
|
*ras
|
| 鑢
|
*ras
|
| 濾
|
*ras
|
| 攄
|
*r̥ʰa
|
| 處
|
*kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas
|
| 豦
|
*kas, *ɡa
|
| 據
|
*kas
|
| 鐻
|
*kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ
|
| 澽
|
*kas, *ɡas
|
| 虛
|
*kʰa, *qʰa
|
| 墟
|
*kʰa
|
| 懅
|
*ɡa
|
| 蘧
|
*ɡa, *ɡʷa
|
| 籧
|
*ɡa
|
| 醵
|
*ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ
|
| 璩
|
*ɡa
|
| 虡
|
*ɡaʔ
|
| 遽
|
*ɡas
|
| 勮
|
*ɡas
|
| 噓
|
*qʰa, *qʰas
|
| 驉
|
*qʰa
|
| 歔
|
*qʰa
|
| 魖
|
*qʰa
|
| 膚
|
*pla
|
| 虧
|
*kʰʷral
|
| 噱
|
*ɡaɡ
|
| 臄
|
*ɡaɡ
|
| 劇
|
*ɡaɡ
|
| 諕
|
*qʰʷraːɡ
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷral): phonetic 雐 (OC *qʰʷlaː) + semantic 亏 (“exhale”).
Etymology
- “quecto-”
- Phono-semantic matching of English quecto-. Coined by the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology and the State Administration for Market Regulation on World Metrology Day in 2023 (20 May 2023).
Pronunciation
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
虧
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
kuī
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ khjwe ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*[k]ʷʰ(r)aj/
|
| English
|
diminish
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
虧
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
5278
|
Phonetic
component
|
虍
|
Rime
group
|
歌
|
Rime
subdivision
|
1
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*kʰʷral/
|
| Notes
|
說文虍聲，觀聲母圓脣則於亦聲
|
Definitions
虧
- to lose; to suffer losses
- 虧了一千塊錢／亏了一千块钱 ― kuī le yīqiān kuài qián ― to have lost 1000 yuan
- to be lacking; to be deficient
- 理虧／理亏 ― lǐkuī ― to be in the wrong
- to treat unfairly
- luckily; it is fortunate that; thanks to
- used to show irony with a note of reproach
- (Cantonese) weak; unhealthy
你有冇咁虧呀，行兩步路就喘晒氣。 [Cantonese, trad.]
你有冇咁亏呀，行两步路就喘晒气。 [Cantonese, simp.]- nei5 jau5 mou5 gam3 kwai1 aa3, haang4 loeng5 bou6 lou6 zau6 cyun2 saai3 hei3. [Jyutping]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (Cantonese) not very functional; easy to break
部電腦虧虧地嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
部电脑亏亏地嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]- bou6 din6 nou5 kwai1 kwai1 dei2 ge2. [Jyutping]
- The computer is not functioning well.
- [from 2022] (Mainland China) quecto- (SI unit prefix)
- Synonym: 匱 / 匮 (Taiwan)
Synonyms
- 喪失 / 丧失 (sàngshī)
- 失掉 (shīdiào)
- 損 / 损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 損失 / 损失 (sǔnshī)
- 淪亡 / 沦亡 (lúnwáng)
- 滅絕 / 灭绝 (mièjué)
- 不夠 / 不够 (bùgòu)
- 不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
- 不滿 / 不满 (bùmǎn)
- 不足 (bùzú)
- 乏達 / 乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 匱乏 / 匮乏 (kuìfá)
- 欠 (qiàn)
- 欠缺 (qiànquē)
- 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
- 短缺 (duǎnquē)
- 絕乏 / 绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
- 缺乏 (quēfá)
- 缺如 (quērú) (literary)
- 缺少 (quēshǎo)
- 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
- 缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 貧 / 贫 (pín) (literary, or in compounds)
- 闕乏 / 阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)
- 闕如 / 阙如 (quērú) (literary)
- 佳哉 (Hokkien)
- 多虧 / 多亏 (duōkuī)
- 好代得 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 好佳哉 (Hokkien)
- 好值得 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 好在 (hǎozài)
- 好彩 (Cantonese, Hakka)
- 好得 (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew)
- 好是 (hǎoshì) (formal)
- 好路 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 幸好 (xìnghǎo)
- 幸而 (xìng'ér)
- 幸虧 / 幸亏 (xìngkuī)
- 得虧 / 得亏 (děikuī) (dialectal)
- 打幫 / 打帮 (Hakka)
- 搭幫 / 搭帮 (Hengyang Xiang)
- 虧得 / 亏得 (kuīde)
- 造化 (cô̤-*huá) (Eastern Min)
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “to lose”): (literary, or in compounds) 盈 (yíng)
- (antonym(s) of “to treat unfairly”):
Compounds
- 不吃虧 / 不吃亏
- 不虧 / 不亏
- 初虧 / 初亏
- 功虧一簣 / 功亏一篑 (gōngkuīyīkuì)
- 吃啞吧虧 / 吃哑吧亏
- 吃眼前虧 / 吃眼前亏
- 吃虧 / 吃亏 (chīkuī)
- 命虧 / 命亏
- 啞巴虧 / 哑巴亏 (yǎbakuī)
- 多虧 / 多亏 (duōkuī)
- 大敗虧輸 / 大败亏输
- 幸虧 / 幸亏 (xìngkuī)
- 心虧 / 心亏
- 悶虧 / 闷亏 (mènkuī)
- 扭虧 / 扭亏
- 拉虧空 / 拉亏空
- 暗室虧心 / 暗室亏心
- 月滿則虧 / 月满则亏
- 月盈則虧 / 月盈则亏
- 有虧職守 / 有亏职守
- 理虧 / 理亏 (lǐkuī)
- 盈則必虧 / 盈则必亏
- 盈虧 / 盈亏 (yíngkuī)
- 益謙虧盈 / 益谦亏盈
- 腎虧 / 肾亏 (shènkuī)
- 落虧欠 / 落亏欠
- 虧不盡 / 亏不尽
- 虧圖 / 亏图
- 虧失 / 亏失
- 虧待 / 亏待 (kuīdài)
- 虧得 / 亏得 (kuīde)
- 虧心 / 亏心 (kuīxīn)
- 虧心事 / 亏心事 (kuīxīnshì)
- 虧心短行 / 亏心短行
- 虧折 / 亏折 (kuīzhé)
- 虧損 / 亏损 (kuīsǔn)
- 虧本 / 亏本 (kuīběn)
- 虧欠 / 亏欠 (kuīqiàn)
- 虧殺 / 亏杀
- 虧短 / 亏短
- 虧空 / 亏空
- 虧累 / 亏累
- 虧耗 / 亏耗
- 虧蝕 / 亏蚀 (kuīshí)
- 虧負 / 亏负 (kuīfù)
- 虧輸 / 亏输
- 血虧 / 血亏 (xuèkuī)
- 行虧名缺 / 行亏名缺
- 負虧 / 负亏
- 超虧 / 超亏
See also
Japanese
Kanji
虧
(Hyōgai kanji)
- wane (moon)
Readings
Korean
Hanja
虧 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu)
- lose, fail
- damage
- deficient
Vietnamese
Han character
虧: Hán Nôm readings: khuy, khuya, khuây
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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