欠缺
Chinese
deficient; owe; to lack deficient; owe; to lack; yawn |
lack; scarce; vacant post lack; scarce; vacant post; to run short of | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (欠缺) | 欠 | 缺 | |
| simp. #(欠缺) | 欠 | 缺 | |
| anagram | 缺欠 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): him3 kyut3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiam-khiet / khiam-khiat
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): kieng4 kuei6
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiànquē
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˋ ㄑㄩㄝ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciàncyue
- Wade–Giles: chʻien4-chʻüeh1
- Yale: chyàn-chywē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiannchiue
- Palladius: цяньцюэ (cjanʹcjue)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹ t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: him3 kyut3
- Yale: him kyut
- Cantonese Pinyin: him3 kyt8
- Guangdong Romanization: him3 küd3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiːm³³ kʰyːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam-khiet
- Hakka Romanization System: kiam kiedˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiam4 kiad5
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵ kʰi̯et̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiam-khiat
- Hakka Romanization System: kiam kiadˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiam4 kiad5
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am⁵⁵ kʰi̯at̚²/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kieng4 kuei6 [Phonetic: kieng4 nguei6]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kia̍ng-kōi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiɛŋ⁴² (kʰ-)ŋuei¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: kieng4 kuei6 [Phonetic: kieng4 nguei6]
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiɛŋ⁴² (kʰ-)ŋuei²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-kheh
- Tâi-lô: khiàm-kheh
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiarmqeq
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰeʔ³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰeʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-kherh
- Tâi-lô: khiàm-kherh
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰəʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-khoeh
- Tâi-lô: khiàm-khueh
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiarmqoeq
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰueʔ³²/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰueʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàm-khoat
- Tâi-lô: khiàm-khuat
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiarmqoad
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰuat̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰiam¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰuat̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰuat̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiam²¹⁻⁵³ kʰuat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
Note: khiàm-khoat - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kiam3 kuêh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiàm khueh
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiam²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰueʔ²/
- (Teochew)
- Middle Chinese: khjaemH khwet|khjwiet
Noun
欠缺
Synonyms
Verb
欠缺
- (Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Quanzhou, Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) to need something due to deficiency
- (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to not lack; to not be deficient in; to not be short of
Synonyms
- (to lack):
- 不夠 / 不够 (bùgòu)
- 不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
- 不滿 / 不满 (bùmǎn)
- 不足 (bùzú)
- 乏達 / 乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 匱乏 / 匮乏 (kuìfá)
- 欠 (qiàn)
- 短少 (duǎnshǎo)
- 短缺 (duǎnquē)
- 絕乏 / 绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
- 缺乏 (quēfá)
- 缺如 (quērú) (literary)
- 缺少 (quēshǎo)
- 缺欠 (quēqiàn)
- 缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 虧 / 亏 (kuī)
- 貧 / 贫 (pín) (literary, or in compounds)
- 闕乏 / 阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)
- 闕如 / 阙如 (quērú) (literary)
- (to not lack): (Hokkien) 少缺
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 欠 | 缺 |
| けん Grade: 4 |
けつ Hyōgai |
| kan'on | |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 欠缺 (MC khjaemH khwet).
Pronunciation
Noun
欠缺 • (kenketsu) ←けんけつ (kenketu)?
Usage notes
The term would be *欠欠 if written in shinjitai, and as such, the kyūjitai form is preserved to avoid ambiguities.
References
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 欠 | 缺 |
Noun
欠缺 • (heumgyeol) (hangeul 흠결)
- hanja form? of 흠결 (“shortage; deficiency; deficit”)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 欠 | 缺 |
Noun
欠缺
- chữ Hán form of khiếm khuyết (“shortcoming; defect”)
Adjective
欠缺
- chữ Hán form of khiếm khuyết (“deficient; lacking”)