旨

See also: 㫐 and 皀

旨	U+65E8, 旨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65E8

← 旧
[U+65E7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

早 →
[U+65E9]

Translingual

Han character

旨 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 心日 (PA) or 難心日 (XPA), four-corner 2160₁, composition ⿱匕日)

Derived characters

恉指栺㸟脂𥿻詣(诣) 酯鮨䭫䭬鴲㚛㞓𦮂嘗㞛𠺳㮷稽鑙

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 489, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13738
Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1485, character 7
Unihan data for U+65E8

Chinese

trad.		旨
simp. ^#		旨
alternative forms		㫑𠤔𠩊𠮛𡱔㫑𠤔𠩊𠮛𡱔𣅀𣅌𤮻𭥍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 旨
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
稽	kiː, kʰiːʔ
詣	*ŋɡiːs
栺	ŋɡiːs, kji
榰	*klje
脂	*kji
鴲	kji, kjis
指	*kjiʔ
旨	*kjiʔ
恉	*kjiʔ
嗜	*ɡjis
蓍	*qʰlji
鰭	*ɡri
耆	*ɡri
鮨	*ɡri
鬐	*ɡri

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 匕 a spoon (匙) to eat or drink something delicious. The original version is 𠤔. See 嘗. Similar but unrelated to 皀.

According to the Shuowen: phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kjiʔ): phonetic 匕 (OC *pilʔ) + semantic 甘 (“delicious”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhǐ (zhi³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chṳ́

(Hailu, HRS): zhi^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): zi³

(Changting, Changting Pinyin): zhï³
Northern Min (KCR): cǐ
Eastern Min (BUC): cī
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chí

(Teochew, Peng'im): zi²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhǐh
  - Wade–Giles: chih³
  - Yale: jř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyy
  - Palladius: чжи (čži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi²
  - Yale: jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zhi^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃi²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zi³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sz̩³¹/
- (Changting)
  - Changting Pinyin: zhï³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ʃʐ̩⁴²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chí
  - Tâi-lô: tsí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cie
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡si⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zi²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsy
  - MiniDict: tsy^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩³⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsyijX

Rime
Character	旨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職雉切
Baxter	tsyijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕˠiɪ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕᵚi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiɪ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cji^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕji^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕi^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kijʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kjiʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyij^X ›
Old Chinese	/*kijʔ/
English	fine-tasting
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旨
Reading #	1/1
No.	17326
Phonetic component
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kjiʔ/
Notes	甲文象匕在口表甘美，非匕聲

Definitions

旨

Compounds

下旨
中旨
主旨 (zhǔzhǐ)
令旨
俞旨
候旨
傳旨 / 传旨 (chuánzhǐ)
先意希旨
先意承旨
和旨
回旨
大旨 (dàzhǐ)
奉旨 (fèngzhǐ)
奧旨 / 奥旨 (àozhǐ)
宏旨 (hóngzhǐ)
宗旨 (zōngzhǐ)
宣旨 (xuānzhǐ)
密旨
御旨
恩旨
意旨 (yìzhǐ)
懿旨 (yìzhǐ)
承旨
承顏順旨 / 承颜顺旨
承風希旨 / 承风希旨
敕旨 (chìzhǐ)
教育宗旨
旨意 (zhǐyì)
旨甘
旨蓄
旨要 (zhǐyào)
旨趣 (zhǐqù)
旨酒
旨酒嘉肴
望風承旨 / 望风承旨
本旨 (běnzhǐ)
法旨
無關宏旨 / 无关宏旨
玄旨
甘旨
甘旨肥濃 / 甘旨肥浓
睿旨
聖旨 / 圣旨 (shèngzhǐ)
背旨
臺旨 / 台旨
芳旨
要旨 (yàozhǐ)
言微旨遠 / 言微旨远
言近旨遠 / 言近旨远
諭旨 / 谕旨 (yùzhǐ)
趣旨 (qùzhǐ)
辭微旨遠 / 辞微旨远
辭旨 / 辞旨
迎意承旨
違旨 / 违旨
金樽旨酒
鈞旨 / 钧旨
阿意順旨 / 阿意顺旨
阿諛順旨 / 阿谀顺旨
降旨 (jiàngzhǐ)
領旨 / 领旨
題旨 / 题旨 (tízhǐ)

References

“旨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01774
周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “旨”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 810.

Japanese

Kanji

旨

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
Kun: むね (mune, 旨, Jōyō)、うまい (umai, 旨い)

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
旨
むね Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
宗

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) むね [mùnéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
(Tokyo) むね [múꜜnè] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ne̞]

Noun

旨(むね) • (mune) ^{←むね (mune)^?}

principle; aim; purpose
gist; meaning

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

旨 (eumhun 맛있을 지 (masisseul ji))

hanja form^? of 지 (“delicious; tasty”)

Etymology 2

Hanja

旨 (eumhun 뜻 지 (tteut ji))

hanja form^? of 지 (“meaning; definition”)

Vietnamese

Han character

旨: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ

royal order, decree

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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