匙

匙 U+5319, 匙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5319 ← 匘 [U+5318] CJK Unified Ideographs 匚 → [U+531A]

Stroke order

匙 (Kangxi radical 21, 匕+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 日人心 (AOP), four-corner 6180₁, composition ⿺是匕)

• 𣼮, 𨫞

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 153, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2590
• Dae Jaweon: page 344, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 263, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5319

trad.		匙
simp. #		匙

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *dje): phonetic 是 (OC *djeʔ) + semantic 匕 (“spoon”).

匙

1. spoon
   • 1993, 梁淑芳 [Sophie S. F. Leung], 何巧嬋 [Ada Ho How Sim], 《兒童的生長與營養》 [Children's Nutrition and Growth], 香港 [Hong Kong]: 中文大學出版社 [Chinese University Press], →ISBN, page 58:

     況且，吃時所用的飲管和匙也未經嚴格消毒，嬰兒用後可能會引致細菌感染和腸胃炎等危險。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     况且，吃时所用的饮管和匙也未经严格消毒，婴儿用后可能会引致细菌感染和肠胃炎等危险。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     fong³ ce², hek³ si⁴ so² jung⁶ dik¹ jam² gun² wo⁴ ci⁴ jaa⁵ mei⁶ ging¹ jim⁴ gaak³ siu¹ duk⁶, jing¹ ji⁴ jung⁶ hau⁶ ho² nang⁴ wui⁵ jan⁵ zi³ sai³ kwan² gam² jim⁵ wo⁴ coeng⁴ wai⁶ jim⁴ dang² ngai⁴ him². [Jyutping]

     Moreover, straws and spoons used when eating have also not been disinfected rigorously; after use, babies may be in danger of bacterial infection, gastroenteritis, etc.

• 勺 (sháo), 勺子 (sháozi)
• 調羹／调羹 (tiáogēng)

匙

1. key (Classifier: 條／条 c)

   鑰匙／钥匙  ―  yàoshi  ―  key

   士啤匙 [Cantonese]  ―  si⁶ be¹ si⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  spare key

• “匙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “匙”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 212.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “匙（汤～、锁～）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 159.

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. spoon

• Go-on: じ (ji)
• Kan-on: し (shi)
• Kan’yō-on: ひ (hi)
• Kun: かい (kai, 匙)、さじ (saji, 匙)、しゃじ (shaji, 匙)、すくい (sukui, 匙)

Kanji in this term
匙
じ Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 匙 (zhiɛ, “spoon”). The goon, so likely the earliest borrowing from Middle Chinese.

• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑi]

匙(じ) • (-ji) 

1. spoon, scoop

Only found in compounds.

Kanji in this term
匙
し Hyōgai
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 匙 (zhiɛ, “spoon”). The kan'on, so a later borrowing. Compare modern Cantonese 匙 (ci⁴), Min Nan 匙 (sî).

• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

匙(し) • (-shi) 

1. spoon, scoop

Only found in compounds.

Kanji in this term
匙
ひ Hyōgai
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
匕

Likely an alteration of the kan'on reading shi: /si/ → /hi/

• IPA^(key): [çi]

匙(ひ) • (hi) 

1. spoon, scoop

Only found in compounds.

Kanji in this term
匙
かい Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
匕

/kapi₁/ → /kapi/ → /kaɸi/ → /kahi/ → /kai/

From Old Japanese 貝 (kai, “shellfish, clam; clam shell”), from the way that clam shells were used as scoops.^[1][2][3]

• IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

匙(かい) • (kai) ^{←かひ (kafi)?}

1. (obsolete) a scoop for food
2. (archaic, rare) a wooden sword for training

   This sense developed from an ateji spelling of 木刀 (literally, “wooden blade”) applied to the food scoop meaning.

Kanji in this term
匙
さじ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
匕

Originally a compound of 茶 (sa, “tea”, the tōon or Tang reading) +‎ 匙 (ji, “spoon, scoop”).^[1][2][3] This on'yomi reading for a two-character term was then applied to the single-character 匙 spelling, and re-interpreted as kun'yomi.

• (Tokyo) さじ [sáꜜjì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• (Tokyo) さじ [sàjíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [sa̠ʑi]

匙(さじ) • (saji) 

1. spoon, scoop used for food

   私(わたし)たちは匙(さじ)でスープを飲(の)む。

   Watashitachi wa saji de sūpu o nomu.

   We eat soup with a spoon.

2. more specifically, a spoon or scoop used for compounding medicine
3. by extension, medicine
4. by further extension, a doctor

In modern Japanese, the term スプーン (supūn) is used to refer to spoons in general, including spoons as found in the Western world. The term saji generally refers more to the broad, usually flat-bottomed Asian-style spoon shown at right.

The saji reading is the most common in modern Japanese when using this term as a standalone noun. The kanji spelling (匙) is rarely encountered; it is usually written in hiragana alone (さじ).

Kanji in this term
匙
しゃじ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Appears to be an alteration of saji above: [sad͡ʑi] → [ɕad͡ʑi]^[1][2][3]

• (Tokyo) しゃじ [shàjíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]
• (Tokyo) しゃじ [sháꜜjì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠ʑi]

匙(しゃじ) • (shaji) 

1. spoon

This reading does not appear to be as common as the saji reading above. May be dialectal.

Kanji in this term
匙
すくい Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling of 掬い (sukui, “scoop”), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 掬う (sukuu, “to scoop”).^[1]

Rare. Only found in compounds.

• IPA^(key): [sɨkɯ̟i]

匙(すくい) • (sukui) ^{←すくひ (sukufi)?}

1. (rare) a scoop

Although the general term 掬(すく)い (sukui) can serve as a standalone noun, this particular 匙 spelling for sukui is only found in compounds.

• 香(こう)匙(すくい) (kōsukui): an incense scoop

匙 (eum 시 (si))

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匙: Hán Nôm readings: thi, thìa, thì, chủy/chuỷ

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