感染
Chinese
to feel; to move; to touch to feel; to move; to touch; to affect |
to catch (a disease); dye | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (感染) | 感 | 染 | |
| simp. #(感染) | 感 | 染 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gam2 jim5
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gǎnrǎn [Phonetic: gánrǎn]
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ ㄖㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǎnrǎn
- Wade–Giles: kan3-jan3
- Yale: gǎn-rǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaanraan
- Palladius: ганьжань (ganʹžanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʐän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gam2 jim5
- Yale: gám yíhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: gam2 jim5
- Guangdong Romanization: gem2 yim5
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐm³⁵ jiːm¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-liám
- Tâi-lô: kám-liám
- Phofsit Daibuun: kafmliarm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liam⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liam⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám-jiám
- Tâi-lô: kám-jiám
- Phofsit Daibuun: kafmjiarm
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ziam⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡ziam⁵³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gam2 riam2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kám jiám
- Sinological IPA (key): /kam⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡ziam⁵²⁻²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
Verb
感染
- (medicine) to infect or be infected by; to have an infection; to contract (a contagion)
- 感染病毒 ― gǎnrǎn bìngdú ― to be infected by a virus
- 胸部感染 ― xiōngbù gǎnrǎn ― chest infection
- 細菌感染／细菌感染 ― xìjūn gǎnrǎn ― bacterial infection
- 病毒感染 ― bìngdú gǎnrǎn ― viral infection
- 消除感染 ― xiāochú gǎnrǎn ― elimination of infection
- 上呼吸道感染 ― shànghūxīdào gǎnrǎn ― upper respiratory tract infection
- 傷口容易感染。／伤口容易感染。 ― Shāngkǒu róngyì gǎnrǎn. ― The wound can easily become infected.
- (computing, of a virus) to infect (computers)
- (figurative) to influence; to affect; to imbue (with)
- 受到感染 ― shòudào gǎnrǎn ― to be influenced
Synonyms
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 感 | 染 |
| かん Grade: 3 |
せん Grade: 6 |
| kan'on | kan'yōon |
Etymology
Coined by Japanese medical scientist Okuyama Torafumi in 1872 in his work 医語類聚 (Igo ruiju) as a translation of English affection.[1][2]
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
Verb
感染する • (kansen suru) ←かんせん (kansen)?intransitive suru (stem 感染し (kansen shi), past 感染した (kansen shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "感染する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 感染し | かんせんし | kansen shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 感染し | かんせんし | kansen shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 感染する | かんせんする | kansen suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 感染する | かんせんする | kansen suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 感染すれ | かんせんすれ | kansen sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 感染せよ¹ 感染しろ² |
かんせんせよ¹ かんせんしろ² |
kansen seyo¹ kansen shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 感染される | かんせんされる | kansen sareru | |
| Causative | 感染させる 感染さす |
かんせんさせる かんせんさす |
kansen saseru kansen sasu | |
| Potential | 感染できる | かんせんできる | kansen dekiru | |
| Volitional | 感染しよう | かんせんしよう | kansen shiyō | |
| Negative | 感染しない | かんせんしない | kansen shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 感染せず | かんせんせず | kansen sezu | |
| Formal | 感染します | かんせんします | kansen shimasu | |
| Perfective | 感染した | かんせんした | kansen shita | |
| Conjunctive | 感染して | かんせんして | kansen shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 感染すれば | かんせんすれば | kansen sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ “感染”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 感 | 染 |
Noun
感染 • (gamyeom) (hangeul 감염)