嘗
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Translingual
Han character
嘗 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火月口心日 (FBRPA), four-corner 90601, composition ⿱𫩠旨)
Derived characters
Related characters
- 尝 (Simplified Chinese)
- 嚐, 甞 (Variant forms)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 206, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4205
- Dae Jaweon: page 429, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1529, character 9
- Unihan data for U+5617
Chinese
| trad. | 嘗/嚐 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 尝 | |
| alternative forms | 甞 | |
| 嚐: “to taste; to experience” | ||
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 嘗 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 當 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 襠 | *taːŋ |
| 鐺 | *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 簹 | *taːŋ |
| 璫 | *taːŋ |
| 檔 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 儅 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 蟷 | *taːŋ |
| 擋 | *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs |
| 黨 | *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 讜 | *taːŋʔ |
| 欓 | *taːŋʔ |
| 譡 | *taːŋs |
| 闣 | *taːŋs |
| 瓽 | *taːŋs |
| 鏜 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 闛 | *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ |
| 鼞 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 曭 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 儻 | *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs |
| 戃 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 矘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 爣 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 攩 | *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs |
| 淌 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 倘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 躺 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 趟 | *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 堂 | *daːŋ |
| 坣 | *daːŋ |
| 棠 | *daːŋ |
| 糛 | *daːŋ |
| 螳 | *daːŋ |
| 隚 | *daːŋ |
| 橖 | *daːŋ |
| 掌 | *tjaŋʔ |
| 廠 | *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs |
| 敞 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 僘 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 氅 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 常 | *djaŋ |
| 嘗 | *djaŋ |
| 裳 | *djaŋ |
| 徜 | *djaŋ |
| 尚 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 甞 | *djaŋ |
| 鋿 | *djaŋ |
| 嫦 | *djaŋ |
| 償 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 賞 | *hjaŋʔ |
| 瞠 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 撐 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 樘 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 橕 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 牚 | *rtʰaːŋs |
| 埫 | *tʰoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *djaŋ): phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 旨 (“will; intention”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): siòng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): syorng2 / syoeng2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6zaon / 2zan; 2zaon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: cháng
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cháng
- Wade–Giles: chʻang2
- Yale: cháng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charng
- Palladius: чан (čan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: soeng4
- Yale: sèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng4
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sòng
- Hakka Romanization System: songˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: song2
- Sinological IPA: /soŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: shong
- Sinological IPA: /ʃoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Changting)
- Changting Pinyin: shông2
- Sinological IPA: /ʃɔŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: syorng2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sió̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬyɒŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: syoeng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬyøŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siông
- Tâi-lô: siông
- Phofsit Daibuun: sioong
- IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /siɔŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâng
- Tâi-lô: siâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siaang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chn̂g
- Tâi-lô: tsn̂g
- Phofsit Daibuun: zngg
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sŋ̍²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sŋ̍²³/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sŋ̍¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng
- Tâi-lô: sióng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siorng
- IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáng
- Tâi-lô: siáng
- Phofsit Daibuun: siarng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
Note:
- siông/siâng - literary;
- chn̂g - vernacular;
- sióng/siáng - vernacular (俗).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sion5 / siên5 / siang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siôⁿ / siêⁿ / siâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sĩõ⁵⁵/, /sĩẽ⁵⁵/, /siaŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
- sion5/siên5 - vernacular (siên5 - Chaozhou, Chenghai);
- siang5 - literary.
Note: (Suzhounese) 2zan - colloquial.
- Middle Chinese: dzyang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.daŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋ/
Definitions
嘗
- to taste; to try the flavour
- to attempt; to try
- to experience
- (literary) ever; once
- 王驩朝暮見,反齊滕之路,未嘗與之言行事也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Wáng Huān zhāomù xiàn, fǎn Qí Téng zhī lù, wèicháng yǔ zhī yán xíngshì yě. [Pinyin]
- Wang Huan, morning and evening, waited upon Mencius, who, during all the way to Teng and back, never spoke to him about the business of their mission.
王欢朝暮见,反齐滕之路,未尝与之言行事也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to taste):
Dialectal synonyms of 嘗 (“to taste”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 嘗 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 嘗 |
| Taiwan | 嘗 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 嘗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 嘗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 嘗 |
| Wuhan | 嘗 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 嘗 |
| Hefei | 嘗 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 試 |
| Hong Kong | 試 | |
| Yangjiang | 試, 嘗 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 嘗 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 嘗 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 嘗 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 嘗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 嘗, 咂, 試 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 試, 啖 |
| Chaozhou | 試, 嘗 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 嗒, 嘗 |
| Suzhou | 嗒, 嘗 | |
| Wuxi | 嗒 | |
| Haining (Xiashi) | 嗒 | |
| Yixing | 嗒 | |
| Hangzhou | 嘗 | |
| Ningbo | 嗒 | |
| Wenzhou | 嘗 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 試 |
| Shuangfeng | 試, 嘗 | |
- (to attempt):
- (to experience): 感受 (gǎnshòu)
- (ever):
- 上早 (Hakka)
- 以前 (yǐqián)
- 以早 (ī-cā) (Eastern Min, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 先前 (xiānqián)
- 先行 (xiānxíng) (literary)
- 其先 (qíxiān) (literary)
- 前仔 (Tainan Hokkien)
- 前往 (qiánwǎng) (literary)
- 原在 (Hakka)
- 古者 (gǔzhě) (archaic)
- 向來 / 向来 (xiànglái) (archaic)
- 在前 (zàiqián)
- 家先 (Hakka)
- 往擺 / 往摆 (Hakka, Hokkien)
- 往擺仔 / 往摆仔 (Hokkien)
- 往者 (wǎngzhě) (literary)
- 往過 / 往过 (Puxian Min, Hokkien)
- 往過仔 / 往过仔 (Hokkien)
- 從前 / 从前 (cóngqián)
- 早先 (zǎoxiān)
- 早年所 (Hokkien)
- 早時 / 早时 (Hokkien)
- 昔日 (xīrì) (literary)
- 昔時 / 昔时 (xīshí) (literary)
- 曾
- 曾經 / 曾经 (céngjīng)
- 當初 / 当初 (dāngchū)
- 舊擺 / 旧摆 (Singapore Hokkien)
- 舊早 / 旧早 (Singapore Hokkien)
- 過前 / 过前 (Hainanese)
Compounds
- 何嘗 / 何尝 (hécháng)
- 佐饔得嘗 / 佐饔得尝
- 備嘗憂患 / 备尝忧患
- 備嘗艱苦 / 备尝艰苦
- 備嘗辛苦 / 备尝辛苦
- 品嘗 / 品尝 (pǐncháng)
- 嘗嘗 / 尝尝
- 嘗巧 / 尝巧
- 嘗敵 / 尝敌
- 嘗新 / 尝新 (chángxīn)
- 嘗湯戲 / 尝汤戏
- 嘗甜頭 / 尝甜头
- 嘗膳 / 尝膳
- 嘗膽 / 尝胆
- 嘗膽臥薪 / 尝胆卧薪
- 嘗草 / 尝草
- 嘗藥 / 尝药
- 嘗試 / 尝试 (chángshì)
- 嘗酸 / 尝酸
- 嘗鼎一臠 / 尝鼎一脔 (chángdǐngyīluán)
- 坐薪嘗膽 / 坐薪尝胆
- 奉蒸嘗 / 奉蒸尝
- 孟嘗君 / 孟尝君
- 得未嘗有 / 得未尝有
- 未嘗 / 未尝 (wèicháng)
- 未嘗不可 / 未尝不可 (wèichángbùkě)
- 枕戈嘗膽 / 枕戈尝胆
- 淺嘗 / 浅尝
- 淺嘗則止 / 浅尝则止
- 淺嘗輒止 / 浅尝辄止 (qiǎnchángzhézhǐ)
- 烝嘗 / 烝尝
- 臥薪嘗膽 / 卧薪尝胆 (wòxīnchángdǎn)
- 越王嘗蓼 / 越王尝蓼
References
- “嘗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “尝”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 593.
Japanese
Kanji
嘗
- once
- before
- formerly
- ever
- never
- ex-
- lick
- lap up
- burn up
- taste
- undergo
- underrate
- despise
Readings
- Go-on: じょう (jō)←じやう (zyau, historical)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kun: なめる (nameru, 嘗める)、こころみる (kokoromiru, 嘗みる)、かつて (katsute, 嘗て)、にえ (nie, 嘗)←にへ (nife, 嘗, historical)
Korean
Hanja
嘗 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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