牚

牚	U+725A, 牚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-725A

← 牙
[U+7259]

CJK Unified Ideographs

牛 →
[U+725B]

Translingual

Han character

牚 (Kangxi radical 92, 牙+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 火月口一竹 (FBRMH), four-corner 9024₀, composition ⿱𫩠牙)

Derived characters

撐, 橕

Additional Derived Characters

𥊼, 𦉘, 𨅝, 𨭃, 𬭷, 𬲜, 𭣝, 𢿦, 𢿽, 𣪼

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 695, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19919
Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1420, character 9
Unihan data for U+725A

Chinese

trad.		牚
simp. ^#		牚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
當	taːŋ, taːŋs
襠	*taːŋ
鐺	taːŋ, sʰraːŋ
簹	*taːŋ
璫	*taːŋ
檔	taːŋ, taːŋs
儅	taːŋ, taːŋs
蟷	*taːŋ
擋	taːŋʔ, taːŋs
黨	taːŋʔ, tʰaːŋʔ
讜	*taːŋʔ
欓	*taːŋʔ
譡	*taːŋs
闣	*taːŋs
瓽	*taːŋs
鏜	*tʰaːŋ
闛	tʰaːŋ, daːŋ
鼞	*tʰaːŋ
曭	*tʰaːŋʔ
儻	tʰaːŋʔ, tʰaːŋs
戃	*tʰaːŋʔ
矘	*tʰaːŋʔ
爣	*tʰaːŋʔ
攩	hl'aːŋʔ, ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌	*tʰaːŋʔ
倘	*tʰaːŋʔ
躺	*tʰaːŋʔ
趟	tʰaːŋs, rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂	*daːŋ
坣	*daːŋ
棠	*daːŋ
糛	*daːŋ
螳	*daːŋ
隚	*daːŋ
橖	*daːŋ
掌	*tjaŋʔ
廠	tʰjaŋʔ, tʰjaŋs
敞	*tʰjaŋʔ
僘	*tʰjaŋʔ
氅	*tʰjaŋʔ
常	*djaŋ
嘗	*djaŋ
裳	*djaŋ
徜	*djaŋ
尚	djaŋ, djaŋs
甞	*djaŋ
鋿	*djaŋ
嫦	*djaŋ
償	djaŋ, djaŋs
賞	*hjaŋʔ
瞠	*rtʰaːŋ
撐	*rtʰaːŋ
樘	*rtʰaːŋ
橕	*rtʰaːŋ
牚	*rtʰaːŋs
埫	*tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rtʰaːŋs): phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 牙

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chèng, chēng (cheng⁴, cheng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˋ, ㄔㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caang³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chèng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng⁴
  - Yale: chèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chenq
  - Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (牚兒 / 牚儿)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chèngr
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˋㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chèngr
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng⁴-ʼrh
  - Yale: chèngr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chenql
  - Palladius: чэнр (čɛnr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ̃ɻ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cheng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng¹
  - Yale: chēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheng
  - Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵/

Note: chèngr - “horizontal bar connecting the legs of a chair or a desk”.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caang³
  - Yale: chaang
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaang³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cang³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: trhaengH

Rime
Character	牚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	他孟切
Baxter	trhaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈʰˠæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈʰᵚaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶʰaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈʰaɨjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ȶʰɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ȶʰɐŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȶʰɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cang³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*rtʰaːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牚
Reading #	1/1
No.	11170
Phonetic component	尚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*rtʰaːŋs/
Notes	見漢賦

Definitions

牚

tilting pillar
horizontal bar connecting the legs of a chair or a desk

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chēng (cheng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cheng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng¹
  - Yale: chēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheng
  - Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caang¹
  - Yale: chāang
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

牚

(literary) alternative form of 撐 / 撑 (chēng, “to support; to sustain”)

Compounds

牚拒 (chēngjù)
牚距 (chēngjù)

Etymology 3

trad.		牚
simp. ^#		牚
alternative forms		撐／撑

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thìⁿ / thèⁿ

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thìⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: thìnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰĩ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰĩ¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰĩ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thèⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: thènn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tvex
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɛ̃²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰẽ²¹/

Definitions

牚

(Hokkien) to prop up; to support; to shore up
(Taiwanese Hokkien) support; prop

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

牚

(Hyōgai kanji)

prop up, support, brace

Readings

On (unclassified): とう (tō)、ちょう (chō)
Kun: はしら (hashira)

Korean

Hanja

牚 (eum 탱 (taeng))

Vietnamese

Han character

牚: Hán Nôm readings: sanh

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