曾
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional | |
|---|---|
| Simplified | |
| Japanese | 曽 |
| Korean |
Alternative forms
When used in Korea or as a Japanese kyūjitai character, the upper component is 八 instead of 丷, which is also the historical form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
Han character
曾 (Kangxi radical 73, 曰+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金田日 (CWA), four-corner 80606, composition ⿱丷𭥴(GHT) or ⿱八𭥴(JKV))
Derived characters
- 僧 噌 增 嶒 憎 㬝 橧 潧 熷 璔 㽪 䁬 矰 磳 竲 繒(缯) 䙢 譄(𬤤) 贈(赠) 蹭 鏳(𲈜) 驓(𫘯) 䰝 鱛 㬟 㣒 甑 䎖 䒏 鄫 朆 䆵 䉕 罾 鬙 層
- 𡡑 𢅋 𢐞 𢴣 𤛢 𤾥 𥢥 𦒗 𦠇 𧯒 𧲅 𨲯 𪒟 𪙭 𥃙 𣯿 𠟂 𢎒 𢨉 𧢐 𧸑 𣍎 𤺧 𡪠 𡼳 𦌝 𦌘 𦌛 𦼏 𤎯 𤎰
- 𭂡 𮔿 𭙇 𬯣 𬛫 𮓆 𭨟 𬁮 𬁭 𭍳
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 503, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14299
- Dae Jaweon: page 877, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1521, character 3
- Unihan data for U+66FE
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
曾 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 曽 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 曾 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Pictogram (象形) – a cooker for steaming food. The derivative 甑 (OC *ʔsɯŋs) refers to the original word.
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): cèng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zeng2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: céng
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: céng
- Wade–Giles: tsʻêng2
- Yale: tséng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tserng
- Palladius: цэн (cɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cang4
- Yale: chàhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsang4
- Guangdong Romanization: ceng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰaŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhèn
- Hakka Romanization System: cenˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cen2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰen¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: cen
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰen⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: cên2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɛn¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: céng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng
- Tâi-lô: tsîng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zeeng
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chn̂g
- Tâi-lô: tsn̂g
- Phofsit Daibuun: zngg
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
- Tâi-lô: tsing
- Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chan
- Tâi-lô: tsan
- Phofsit Daibuun: zafn
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡san⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zêng5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: dzong
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤəŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zɯːŋ/
Definitions
曾
Synonyms
- (already):
- 上早 (Hakka)
- 以前 (yǐqián)
- 以早 (ī-cā) (Eastern Min, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 先前 (xiānqián)
- 先行 (xiānxíng) (literary)
- 其先 (qíxiān) (literary)
- 前仔 (Tainan Hokkien)
- 前往 (qiánwǎng) (literary)
- 原在 (Hakka)
- 古者 (gǔzhě) (archaic)
- 向來 / 向来 (xiànglái) (archaic)
- 嘗 / 尝 (cháng) (literary, or used in compounds)
- 在前 (zàiqián)
- 家先 (Hakka)
- 往擺 / 往摆 (Hakka, Hokkien)
- 往擺仔 / 往摆仔 (Hokkien)
- 往者 (wǎngzhě) (literary)
- 往過 / 往过 (Puxian Min, Hokkien)
- 往過仔 / 往过仔 (Hokkien)
- 從前 / 从前 (cóngqián)
- 早先 (zǎoxiān)
- 早年所 (Hokkien)
- 早時 / 早时 (Hokkien)
- 昔日 (xīrì) (literary)
- 昔時 / 昔时 (xīshí) (literary)
- 曾經 / 曾经 (céngjīng)
- 當初 / 当初 (dāngchū)
- 舊擺 / 旧摆 (Singapore Hokkien)
- 舊早 / 旧早 (Singapore Hokkien)
- 過前 / 过前 (Hainanese)
Compounds
Descendants
- → Vietnamese: từng (“once”)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): cĕng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zeng1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1tsen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zēng
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zeng
- Wade–Giles: tsêng1
- Yale: dzēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeng
- Palladius: цзэн (czɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zang1
- Yale: jāng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzang1
- Guangdong Romanization: zeng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: dang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chên
- Hakka Romanization System: zenˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zen1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sen²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: zenˋ
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sen⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: zên1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sɛn⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chan
- Tâi-lô: tsan
- Phofsit Daibuun: zafn
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡san³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡san⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
- Tâi-lô: tsing
- Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
- Tâi-lô: tsng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- cheng/chng - literary;
- chan - vernacular (including surname).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zêng1 / zang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseng / tsang
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seŋ³³/, /t͡saŋ³³/
Note: zang1 - surname.
- Middle Chinese: tsong
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤəŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːŋ/
Definitions
曾
- (prefix) great-
- (literary) unexpectedly
- 誰謂河廣?曾不容刀。
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Shéi wèi Hé guǎng? Zēng bù róng dāo.
Shéi wèi Sòng yuǎn? Zēng bù chóngzhāo. [Pinyin] - Who says that the He is wide?
It will not admit a little boat.
Who says that Song is distant?
It would not take a whole morning to reach it.
誰謂宋遠?曾不崇朝。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
谁谓河广?曾不容刀。
谁谓宋远?曾不崇朝。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) alternative form of 增 (zēng, “to increase”)
- a surname, Zeng
Descendants
Compounds
References
- “曾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
| 曽 | |
| 曾 |
Kanji
曾
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 曽)
Readings
- Go-on: ぞう (zō)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)
- Kan’yō-on: ぞ (zo)、そ (so)
- Kun: かつて (katsute, 曾て)、すなわち (sunawachi, 曾ち)
- Nanori: かつ (katsu)、つね (tsune)
Korean
Hanja
曾 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
曾: Hán Việt readings: tằng[1][2][3][4], tăng[1][5][4][6][3][7]
曾: Nôm readings: tâng[1][6], tơn[6], tưng[1][6], từng[5][6][7]