哭
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Han character
哭 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 口口戈大 (RRIK), four-corner 66430, composition ⿱吅犬)
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №25
Descendants
Derived characters
- 𬍌, 𫬢, 𫬣, 𠸶, 𥂍
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 190, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3658
- Dae Jaweon: page 410, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 629, character 2
- Unihan data for U+54ED
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
哭 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𠴃 𡘜 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 哭 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
In oracle bone inscriptions, ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 吅 (“loudly”) + person with long hair (Similar to 老 without the cane) – "cry; weep". The pictogram of the person with long hair corrupted into 犬. Evidence suggests 吅 could be an abbreviation of the sound component 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ), making the character phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声).
Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰoːɡ): semantic 吅 (“to speak loudly”) + abbreviated phonetic 獄 (OC *ŋoɡ).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kuːk (“to weep; to wail”); cognate with Mizo kûk (“to shriek”) (STEDT).
This seems to be an area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuk ~ kuuk ~ kuək ~ kək (“to call”), Proto-Austronesian *-kuk (“sound of a sob”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): kuh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): kueh4
- Northern Min (KCR): kŭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): kók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7khoq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ku6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: kū
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ku
- Wade–Giles: kʻu1
- Yale: kū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ku
- Palladius: ку (ku)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ku2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ku
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²¹/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: huk1
- Yale: hūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: huk7
- Guangdong Romanization: hug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: huuk2 / huuk1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵk̚⁵⁵/, /hɵk̚³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khuk
- Hakka Romanization System: kugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kug5
- Sinological IPA: /kʰuk̚²/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: kug5
- Sinological IPA: /kʰʊk̚¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰu²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
Note:
- khàu - vernacular;
- khok - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: khuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/
Definitions
哭
Synonyms
- 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
- 哭泣 (kūqì)
- 哭訴 / 哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
- 哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
- 啜氣 / 啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 啜泣 (chuòqì)
- 啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
- 啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
- 嗆 / 呛 (Hokkien)
- 嗚咽 / 呜咽 (wūyè)
- 大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
- 忽喇 (hueh4 ci1) (Jin)
- 抽咽 (chōuyè)
- 抽啜 (chōuchuò)
- 抽噎 (chōuyē)
- 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
- 抽泣 (chōuqì)
- 泣 (literary, or in compounds)
- 流淚 / 流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
- 流眼淚 / 流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
- 痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
- 號哭 / 号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
- 號啕 / 号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
- 飲泣 / 饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)
Dialectal synonyms of 哭 (“to cry; to weep”) [map]
Compounds
- 一家哭
- 一路哭
- 乾哭 / 干哭
- 乾啼濕哭 / 干啼湿哭
- 五子哭墳 / 五子哭坟
- 代哭
- 助哭
- 卒哭
- 反哭
- 哀哭 (āikū)
- 哭主
- 哭哭啼啼 (kūkutítí)
- 哭喊
- 哭喪棒 / 哭丧棒 (kūsāngbàng)
- 哭喪棍 / 哭丧棍
- 哭喪着臉 / 哭丧着脸 (kūsāng zhe liǎn)
- 哭喪臉 / 哭丧脸
- 哭喪著臉 / 哭丧著脸 (kūsāng zhe liǎn)
- 哭嚎
- 哭天抹淚 / 哭天抹泪
- 哭奠
- 哭嫁 (kūjià)
- 哭庭
- 哭廟 / 哭庙
- 哭昭陵
- 哭枵 (Hokkien)
- 哭泣 (kūqì)
- 哭爸 (Min Nan)
- 哭爸哭母 (Min Nan)
- 哭牆 / 哭墙 (Kūqiáng)
- 哭秦庭
- 哭窮 / 哭穷 (kūqióng)
- 哭窮途 / 哭穷途
- 哭竹
- 哭竹棒
- 哭笑不得 (kūxiàobùdé)
- 哭臨 / 哭临
- 哭號 / 哭号
- 唐衢痛哭
- 哭訴 / 哭诉 (kūsù)
- 哭調 / 哭调
- 哭踊
- 哭雨風 / 哭雨风
- 哭靈 / 哭灵 (kūlíng)
- 哭鬧 / 哭闹 (kūnào)
- 哭鳥 / 哭鸟
- 哭鼻子 (kū bízi)
- 喪哭 / 丧哭
- 啼哭 (tíkū)
- 啼哭郎君
- 啼啼哭哭
- 啼天哭地
- 嚎哭 (háokū)
- 嚎啕大哭
- 嚎啕痛哭
- 大哭 (dàkū)
- 大哭一場 / 大哭一场
- 崩城之哭
- 巷哭
- 弔哭 / 吊哭
- 悲哭
- 慟哭 / 恸哭 (tòngkū)
- 慟哭流涕 / 恸哭流涕
- 懸壺代哭 / 悬壶代哭
- 抱頭大哭 / 抱头大哭
- 抱頭痛哭 / 抱头痛哭 (bàotóutòngkū)
- 撫哭 / 抚哭
- 撫尸慟哭 / 抚尸恸哭
- 放聲大哭 / 放声大哭 (fàngshēng dà kū)
- 晝吟宵哭 / 昼吟宵哭
- 楊朱哭 / 杨朱哭
- 欲哭無淚 / 欲哭无泪 (yùkūwúlèi)
- 歌哭
- 歎哭 / 叹哭
- 止哭
- 歸哭 / 归哭
- 死爹哭媽 / 死爹哭妈
- 泣哭
- 潑哭潑鬧 / 泼哭泼闹
- 濕哭乾啼 / 湿哭干啼
- 牛衣夜哭
- 狼號鬼哭 / 狼号鬼哭
- 生哭人
- 痛哭 (tòngkū)
- 痛哭失聲 / 痛哭失声
- 痛哭流涕 (tòngkūliútì)
- 神嚎鬼哭
- 神愁鬼哭
- 神母夜哭
- 神號鬼哭 / 神号鬼哭
- 秦庭之哭
- 窮途之哭 / 穷途之哭
- 節哭 / 节哭
- 絕哭 / 绝哭
- 號咷痛哭 / 号咷痛哭
- 號哭 / 号哭 (háokū)
- 號啕大哭 / 号啕大哭
- 號啕痛哭 / 号啕痛哭
- 號天哭地 / 号天哭地
- 號天大哭 / 号天大哭
- 行哭
- 行號巷哭 / 行号巷哭
- 街號巷哭 / 街号巷哭
- 袒哭
- 西台痛哭
- 西臺痛哭 / 西台痛哭
- 見哭興悲 / 见哭兴悲
- 貓哭老鼠 / 猫哭老鼠
- 貓哭耗子 / 猫哭耗子
- 送哭
- 邪哭
- 野祭巷哭
- 長哭 / 长哭
- 長歌當哭 / 长歌当哭 (chánggēdàngkū)
- 陪哭
- 驚哭 / 惊哭
- 鬼哭天愁
- 鬼哭狼嗥 (guǐkūlángháo)
- 鬼哭狼嚎 (guǐkūlángháo)
- 鬼哭狼號 / 鬼哭狼号
- 鬼哭神嚎
- 鬼哭神愁
- 鬼哭神號 / 鬼哭神号
- 鬼哭神驚 / 鬼哭神惊
- 鬼哭粟飛 / 鬼哭粟飞
- 鬼夜哭
- 鳥哭猿啼 / 鸟哭猿啼
Descendants
References
- “哭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
哭
Readings
Compounds
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 哭 (MC khuwk).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 콕〮 (Yale: khwók) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 곡〮 (kwók) (Yale: kwók) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [곡]
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
哭: Hán Nôm readings: khốc, khóc
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