空

空 U+7A7A, 空 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A7A ← 穹 [U+7A79] CJK Unified Ideographs 穻 → [U+7A7B]

Stroke order

空 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十金一 (JCM), four-corner 3010₁, composition ⿱穴工)

• 倥, 啌, 埪, 崆, 悾, 控, 涳, 椌, 焢, 㸜, 腔, 硿, 䅝, 羫, 聜, 䆪, 谾, 躻, 鞚
• 㲁, 鵼(𱊊), 箜, 曌, 瞾, 㾤

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 863, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25415
• Dae Jaweon: page 1289, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2719, character 8
• Unihan data for U+7A7A

trad.		空
simp. #		空
alternative forms		𠀝 𫞹 𰁕 𢦉

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs): semantic 穴 (“cave, hole”) + phonetic 工 (OC *koːŋ).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)uŋ (“hole; orifice; inner part”). 孔 (OC *kʰloːŋʔ, “hole”) is probably the endoactive derivation of 空 (OC *kʰoːŋ, “hollow; empty”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁུང (khung, “hole”), Jingpho ladi hku (“nostril”), Chepang घाङ् (gʰaŋ, “hole”), Burmese ခေါင်း (hkaung:, “cavity”), Naxi ko³³ (“cave; hole; pit”) (STEDT). See also 坑 (OC *kʰraːŋ, “pit”) and 肛 (OC *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ, “anus”), which may or may not be related.

空

1. empty; hollow; void

   這箱子是空的。／这箱子是空的。  ―  Zhè xiāngzi shì kōng de.  ―  This box is empty.

   在盒子裡有些空瓶。 [MSC, trad.]
   在盒子里有些空瓶。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zài hézi lǐ yǒu xiē kōng píng. [Pinyin]

   There are some empty bottles in the box.

2. exhausted; emptied
3. open; spacious; vast
4. quiet and still; secluded
5. lacking substance; fictitious; fabricated

   空話／空话  ―  kōnghuà  ―  empty talk

6. (Eastern Min) hungry
7. air; sky; atmosphere

   空氣／空气  ―  kōngqì  ―  air; atmosphere

   天空  ―  tiānkōng  ―  the sky

   航空  ―  hángkōng  ―  aviation

   空調／空调  ―  kōngtiáo  ―  air conditioning

8. space; outer space; cosmos; universe

   太空  ―  tàikōng  ―  outer space

   空間／空间  ―  kōngjiān  ―  space

9. (Buddhism) sunyata; emptiness; void of the world of the senses
10. (Taoism) emptiness and quiet
11. in vain; for nothing
12. only (left, remain, etc.)
13. to exhaust
14. to miss the target
15. (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) hole; cavity

• (empty):

• (hungry):

• (hole):

空

1. to make empty; to impoverish
2. to leave empty; to leave blank
3. vacant; unoccupied; available

   有空房間嗎？／有空房间吗？  ―  Yǒu kòng fángjiān ma?  ―  Is there any vacant room?

   這個位子空著嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   这个位子空着吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè ge wèizǐ kòng zhe ma? [Pinyin]

   Is this seat available?

4. spare time; free time; leisure

   我今天有空。  ―  Wǒ jīntiān yǒu kòng.  ―  I'm free today.

   你下午有空嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   你下午有空吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ xiàwǔ yǒu kòng ma? [Pinyin]

   Are you free this afternoon?

   現在醫生沒空。 [MSC, trad.]
   现在医生没空。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xiànzài yīshēng méi kòng. [Pinyin]

   The doctor is not available now.

5. empty space; room

   再擠個人進來行嗎？車裡還有空嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   再挤个人进来行吗？车里还有空吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Zài jǐ ge rén jìnlái xíng ma? Chē lǐ hái yǒu kòng ma? [Pinyin]

   Can you fit in another person? Is there room in the car?

6. (of time) gap; interval; break

   Synonyms: 間隙 / 间隙 (jiānxì), 間隔 / 间隔

7. chance; opportunity
8. (Southern Min) zero

   • 有這款情形請敲免費電話：空八空空空九二空空空。 [Hokkien, trad.]
     有这款情形请敲免费电话：空八空空空九二空空空。 [Hokkien, simp.]

     From: Jiansheng Chinese Medicine's TV commercial

     Ū chit khoán chêng-hêng chhiáⁿ khà bián-hùi tiān-ōe: khòng-pat-khòng-khòng khòng-kiú-jī khòng-khòng-khòng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     If you have such symptoms, please call our free hotline: 0800-092-000.

• (zero):

• (spare time):

• (empty): (Cantonese) 吉

空

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 孔 (kǒng, “hole; cave; mouth”)

• “空”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02955

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: く (ku)、くう (kū, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)
• Kun: あく (aku, 空く, Jōyō)、あける (akeru, 空ける, Jōyō)、から (kara, 空, Jōyō)、そら (sora, 空, Jōyō)、うつける (utsukeru, 空ける)、うつ (utsu, 空)、うつお (utsuo, 空)、うつぼ (utsubo, 空)、うつろ (utsuro, 空ろ)、うろ (uro, 空)、すく (suku, 空く)、むなしい (munashii, 空しい)、あな (ana, 空)
• Nanori: たか (taka)

• 空(うつ)穂(ぼ) (utsubo)

Kanji in this term
空
そら Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
虚

⟨so₁ra⟩ → */sʷora/ → /sora/

From Old Japanese, presumably from Proto-Japonic *sora.

Found in the Kojiki c. 712 CE.^[1]

• (Tokyo) そら [sóꜜrà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [so̞ɾa̠]

空(そら) • (sora) 

1. the sky

   Synonyms: 天 (ten), 天空 (tenkū)

2. the weather or atmospheric conditions of the sky
3. a place that is distant
4. the act of reading from memory; by heart
5. (archaic, possibly obsolete) the top of a high place such as the roof of a house or a tree

   Synonym: 天辺 (teppen)

空(そら) • (sora-) 

1. fake; not real
2. incorrectly perceived or guessed

Kanji in this term
空
から Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
カラ 虚 (rare)

Cognate with 殻 (kara, “shell”).^[3]

• (Tokyo) から [kàráꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠]

空(から) • (kara-) 

1. something empty

   空(から)箱(ばこ) ― karabako ― empty box

2. ineffectual

   空(から)振(ぶ)り ― karaburi ― in vain

3. false

   空(から)元(げん)気(き) ― karagenki ― false vigor, bravado

Kanji in this term
空
くう Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 空 (MC khuwng|khuwngH).

The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit शून्यता (śūnyatā).

• (Tokyo) くう [kùú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
• (Tokyo) くう [kúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ː]

空(くう) • (kū) 

1. empty air
2. meaninglessness
3. (Buddhism) sunyata: emptiness, vacuity, awareness, openness, thusness
4. (Buddhism) void: one of the 五大 (godai, literally “great five”) and the highest of the five elements

Kanji in this term
空
うろ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 空 – see the following entry: うろ

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: うろ.)

Kanji in this term
空
うつお Grade: 1
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 空 – see the following entry: 虚

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: 虚.)

Kanji in this term
空
うつぼ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 空 – see the following entry: うつぼ

(The following entry does not have a page created for it yet: うつぼ.)

From Middle Chinese 空 (MC khuwng|khuwngH).

Korean numbers ^(edit)

		0	1  →	10  →
Native isol.: (slang) 빵 (ppang)     Sino-Korean: 영 (yeong), 령 (ryeong), (as digit, not number) 공 (gong)     Hanja: 零, 空

Wikisource

空 (eumhun 빌 공 (bil gong))

1. Hanja form^? of 공 (“empty; void”).
2. Hanja form^? of 공 (“sky; air”).
3. Hanja form^? of 공 (“zero”).

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

• Kun: すら (sura, 空)

Kanji in this term
空
すら Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Borrowed from Japanese 空 (sora). Doublet of すーら (sūra, “treetop”), which was inherited.

As remarked by Igarashi (2022),^[1] the inherited meaning of this term in Ryukyuan languages is not "sky", but "treetop".

• IPA^(key): /suɾa/

空(すら) (sura) 

1. (literary) the sky, heavens

空: Hán Việt readings: không (枯(khô)公(công)切(thiết))^{[1][2][3][4][5]}
空: Nôm readings: không^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}, khung^[1][2][3], khỏng^[3][7][6], khong^[1], cung^[3], khống^[4]

空 • (không)

1. chữ Hán form of không (“empty; void”)

空 • (không)

1. chữ Hán form of không
   1. air; sky
   2. zero; none

Vietnamese cardinal numbers

	0	1  >
Cardinal : 空

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空 • (không)

1. chữ Nôm form of không (“zero”)