U+67AF, 枯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67AF

[U+67AE]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+67B0]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木十口 (DJR), four-corner 44960, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 517, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14579
  • Dae Jaweon: page 904, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1178, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+67AF

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰaː): semantic (tree) + phonetic (OC *kaːʔ).

Etymology

Apparently Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ខះ (khah, to dry up; to wither) (Schuessler, 2007), which is from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ckəh (dry).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • gou1 - most senses;
  • kou1 - dialectal usage (e.g. 豆枯, 茶枯).
  • Wu
    • (Northern: Shanghai)
      • Wugniu: 5khu
      • MiniDict: khu
      • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 2khu
      • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰu³⁴/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (29)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter khu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰuo/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰuo/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰɔ/
Li
Rong
/kʰo/
Wang
Li
/kʰu/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kʰuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
fu1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ khu ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰˁa/
English withered, dried up

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4238
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰaː/

Definitions

  1. (of plants, etc.) dry; withered
      ―  wěi  ―  wilted; withered
      ―  zhī  ―  withered tree branch
  2. (of wells, rivers, etc.) dried out
  3. (of muscle) withered; decayed
  4. boring; uninteresting; dry
      ―  zào  ―  dull; boring
  5. (dialect) dregs
  6. (traditional Chinese medicine) partial paralysis
  7. a surname

Compounds

  • 一聚枯骨
  • 乾枯 / 干枯 (gānkū)
  • 偏枯
  • 冢中枯骨 (zhǒngzhōngkūgǔ)
  • 勢若摧枯 / 势若摧枯
  • 口枯眼澀 / 口枯眼涩
  • 噓枯吹生 / 嘘枯吹生
  • 夏枯草 (xiàkūcǎo)
  • 形容枯槁 (xíngróng kūgǎo)
  • 得失榮枯 / 得失荣枯
  • 拉朽摧枯
  • 搜索枯腸 / 搜索枯肠 (sōusuǒkūcháng)
  • 摧枯折腐
  • 摧枯拉朽 (cuīkū lāxiǔ)
  • 朽株枯木
  • 枯乾 / 枯干 (kūgān)
  • 枯井
  • 枯坐 (kūzuò)
  • 枯寂 (kūjì)
  • 枯形灰心
  • 枯旱
  • 枯木 (kūmù)
  • 枯木朽株
  • 枯木死灰
  • 枯木生花
  • 枯木逢春 (kūmùféngchūn)
  • 枯朽 (kūxiǔ)
  • 枯枝再春
  • 枯楊生稊 / 枯杨生稊
  • 枯楊生華 / 枯杨生华
  • 枯槁 (kūgǎo)
  • 枯榮 / 枯荣
  • 枯樁 / 枯桩
  • 枯樹生華 / 枯树生华
  • 枯樹開花 / 枯树开花
  • 枯死 (kūsǐ)
  • 枯水期
  • 枯涸
  • 枯澀 / 枯涩 (kūsè)
  • 枯燥 (kūzào)
  • 枯燥無味 / 枯燥无味
  • 枯瘠
  • 枯礬 / 枯矾
  • 枯禪 / 枯禅
  • 枯窘
  • 枯竭 (kūjié)
  • 枯索 (kūsuǒ)
  • 枯腸 / 枯肠
  • 枯莖朽骨 / 枯茎朽骨 (kūjīngxiǔgǔ)
  • 枯萎 (kūwěi)
  • 枯葉蝶 / 枯叶蝶
  • 枯骨
  • 枯魚 / 枯鱼
  • 枯魚之肆 / 枯鱼之肆
  • 枯魚涸轍 / 枯鱼涸辙
  • 枯魚病鶴 / 枯鱼病鹤
  • 枯魚銜索 / 枯鱼衔索
  • 枯黃 / 枯黄 (kūhuáng)
  • 根朽枝枯
  • 榮枯 / 荣枯 (róngkū)
  • 油枯 (yóukū)
  • 油盡燈枯 / 油尽灯枯
  • 海枯石爛 / 海枯石烂 (hǎikūshílàn)
  • 涸轍之枯 / 涸辙之枯
  • 涸轍枯魚 / 涸辙枯鱼
  • 澤及枯骨 / 泽及枯骨
  • 焦枯
  • 熬枯受淡
  • 生枯起朽
  • 瘦小枯乾 / 瘦小枯干
  • 白如枯骨
  • 盛衰榮枯 / 盛衰荣枯
  • 石枯松老
  • 石爛海枯 / 石烂海枯
  • 立枯病
  • 索盡枯腸 / 索尽枯肠
  • 老樹枯柴 / 老树枯柴
  • 腸枯思竭 / 肠枯思竭
  • 菀枯
  • 菊老荷枯
  • 釜底枯魚 / 釜底枯鱼
  • 集苑集枯
  • 麻枯

Japanese

Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. wither; dry up

Readings

  • Go-on: (ku)
  • Kan-on: (ko, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かれる (kareru, 枯れる, Jōyō)からす (karasu, 枯らす, Jōyō)

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 마를 (mareul go))

  1. hanja form? of (dry up, wither)
  2. hanja form? of (thirst)

Vietnamese

Nom glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, gỗ): semantic (wood, tree) + phonetic (cổ).

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: khô[1][2][3][4][5][6]
: Nôm readings: khô[1][2][3], gỗ[1][2], khò[3], khua[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of khô (dry, dried)
  2. chữ Nôm form of gỗ (wood)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Trần (1999).
  5. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).