湖

湖	U+6E56, 湖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E56

← 湕
[U+6E55]

CJK Unified Ideographs

湗 →
[U+6E57]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

湖 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水十口月 (EJRB), four-corner 3712₀, composition ⿰氵胡)

Derived characters

𫉣

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 637, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17836
Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1669, character 3
Unihan data for U+6E56

Chinese

trad.		湖
simp. ^#		湖

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 湖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	kɯ, kas
橭	kaː, kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	kaː, kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	kaː, kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	kaː, kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	kʰaːʔ, kʰaːs
葫	qʰaː, ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	ɡaːʔ, ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	ka, kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	ka, ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaː): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hú (hu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fu²

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): hú
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): wu⁴

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): fu⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): vu³

(Yangjiang, Jyutping++): wu⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): fu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fù

(Hailu, HRS): fu

(Meixian, Guangdong): fu²
Jin (Wiktionary): hu¹
Northern Min (KCR): ǔ
Eastern Min (BUC): hù
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ou² / hou²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ô͘ / hô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): ou⁵ / hu⁵

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hu⁵
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): hu⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶wu / ²wu / ²vu / ²ghou
- (Jinhua): ²u
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hú
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hú
  - Wade–Giles: hu²
  - Yale: hú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
  - Palladius: ху (xu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: hú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu²⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: wu⁴
  - Yale: wùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: vu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vu²²/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
  - Jyutping++: wu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wu⁴²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu
  - Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fu²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hu¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xu¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǔ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ou²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔu²⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hou²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu²⁴/

Note:

ou2 - vernacular;
hou2 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /ɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔ²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ¹³/

Note:

ô͘ - vernacular;
hô͘ - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ou⁵ / hu⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ôu / hû
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ou⁵⁵/, /hu⁵⁵/

Note:

ou5 - vernacular;
hu5 - literary.

(Leizhou)
- Leizhou Pinyin: hu⁵
- Sinological IPA: /hu²²/

Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: hu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu²¹/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶wu
  - MiniDict: wu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/
- (Northern: Jiading, Chongming, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Deqing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ²wu
  - MiniDict: wu^平
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɦu³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦu²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /ɦu¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɦu³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Deqing): /ɦu²¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɦu²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɦu²³¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɦu³¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /ɦu²²/
- (Northern: Songjiang)
  - Wugniu: ²vu
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /βu³¹/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Kunshan)
  - Wugniu: ²ghou
  - MiniDict: ghou^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɦəu²²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /ɦəu¹³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ²u
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /u³¹³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸu¹³/

Middle Chinese: hu

Rime
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸吳切
Baxter	hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/
Li Rong	/ɣo/
Wang Li	/ɣu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤa/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁa/
English	lake
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
No.	4247
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡
Old Chinese	/*ɡaː/

Definitions

湖

lake; loch
(Southern Min, in place names) basin
內湖／内湖 ― Nèihú ― Neihu District, Taipei

奮起湖／奋起湖 ― Fènqǐhú ― Fenqihu (a town in Zhuqi, Chiayi, Taiwan)
short for 湖北 (Húběi, “Hubei Province”)
short for 湖南 (Húnán, “Hunan Province”)

Synonyms

(lake):

edit

泊 (pō) (literary, or in compounds)
海子 (hǎizi) (northern and southwestern Mandarin, chiefly in toponyms)
湖泊 (húpō)

Compounds

三江五湖
九湖 (Jiǔhú)
五湖 (Wǔhú)
五湖四海 (wǔhúsìhǎi)
伊利湖 (Yīlìhú)
休崙湖 / 休仑湖
保障湖 (Bǎozhàng Hú)
內湖 / 内湖 (Nèihú, “Neihu”)
內陸湖 / 内陆湖
兩湖 / 两湖 (Liǎnghú)
冰磧湖 / 冰碛湖
冰蝕湖 / 冰蚀湖
凌家湖 (Língjiāhú)
加爾達湖 / 加尔达湖
北湖 (Běihú)
千湖國 / 千湖国
半鹹水湖 / 半咸水湖
南湖 (Nán Hú)
南湖山莊 / 南湖山庄 (Nánhú Shānzhuāng)
博斯騰湖 / 博斯腾湖
口湖 (Kǒuhú)
四湖 (Sìhú)
堰塞湖 (yànsèhú)
大埤湖
大明湖 (Dàmínghú)
大湖 (Dàhú)
大湖區 / 大湖区
大熊湖 (Dàxiónghú)
大貝湖 / 大贝湖
大鹽湖 / 大盐湖 (Dàyánhú)
太寶湖 / 太宝湖 (Tàibǎohú)
太湖 (Tài Hú)
太湖港 (Tàihúgǎng)
太湖石
天鵝湖 / 天鹅湖
安大略湖 (Āndàlüè Hú)
密西根湖
寶湖 / 宝湖 (Bǎohú)
小湖 (Xiǎohú)
尼斯湖水怪 (Nísī húshuǐguài)
岳普湖 (Yuèpǔhú)
巢湖 (Cháohú)
巴拉頓湖 / 巴拉顿湖
巴爾喀什湖 / 巴尔喀什湖 (Bā'ěrkàshíhú)
彭蠡湖
愛德華湖 / 爱德华湖
慈湖
拉多加湖 (Lāduōjiā Hú)
斗湖堤 (Dǒuhúdī)
昆明湖 (Kūnmíng Hú)
月亮湖
東湖 / 东湖
東西湖 / 东西湖 (Dōngxīhú)
東趙湖 / 东赵湖 (Dōngzhàohú)
柳山湖 (Liǔshānhú)
柴湖 (Cháihú)
梁子湖 (Liángzihú)
楊家湖 / 杨家湖 (Yángjiāhú)
標湖 / 标湖 (Biāohú)
水果湖 (Shuǐguǒhú)
江湖 (jiānghú)
江湖好漢 / 江湖好汉
江湖義氣 / 江湖义气
江湖藝人 / 江湖艺人
江湖術士 / 江湖术士
江湖術語 / 江湖术语
江湖道義 / 江湖道义
江湖郎中
江湖騙子 / 江湖骗子 (jiānghú piànzi)
沉湖 (Chénhú)
沙湖 (Shāhú)
泖湖
洞庭湖 (Dòngtíng Hú)
洩湖 (Xièhú)
洪湖 (Hónghú)
洪澤湖 / 洪泽湖 (Hóngzé hú)
浪跡江湖 / 浪迹江湖
海跡湖 / 海迹湖
淡水湖 (dànshuǐhú)
湖光
湖光山色 (húguāngshānsè)
湖內 / 湖内 (Húnèi)
湖北 (Húběi)
湖北口 (Húběikǒu)
湖北口回族鄉 / 湖北口回族乡 (Húběikǒu Huízú Xiāng)
湖南 (Húnán)
湖口 (Húkǒu)
湖學 / 湖学
湖山石
湖工 (Húgōng)
湖廣 / 湖广 (Húguǎng)
湖心亭
湖沼 (húzhǎo)
湖泊 (húpō)
湖海 (húhǎi)
湖海之士
湖海氣 / 湖海气
湖海飄零 / 湖海飘零
游湖借傘 / 游湖借伞
湖澤 / 湖泽 (húzé)
湖濱散記 / 湖滨散记
湖田
湖畔 (húpàn)
湖畔詩人 / 湖畔诗人
湖筆 / 湖笔
湖縐 / 湖绉
湖羊
湖膠 / 湖胶
湖色 (húsè)
湖西 (Húxī)
湯遜湖 / 汤逊湖 (Tāngxùn Hú)
湖電 / 湖电 (Húdiàn)
溪湖 (Xīhú)
滷湖 / 卤湖
漲渡湖 / 涨渡湖 (Zhǎngdùhú)
澄清湖
澎湖 (Pénghú)
潟湖 (xìhú)
澎湖群島 / 澎湖群岛 (Pénghú Qúndǎo)
濱湖 / 滨湖 (Bīnhú)
牛軛湖 / 牛轭湖 (niú'èhú)
玄武湖
琵琶湖 (Pípáhú)
甓社湖
瘦西湖 (Shòuxīhú)
程湖 (Chénghú)
笑傲江湖
羅湖 / 罗湖 (Luóhú)
羊卓雍湖
老江湖 (lǎojiānghu)
興凱湖 / 兴凯湖 (Xīngkǎi Hú)
艾力西湖 (Àilìxīhú)
花湖 (Huāhú)
花魚湖 / 花鱼湖 (Huāyúhú)
草埠湖 (Cǎobùhú)
茵夢湖 / 茵梦湖
莫愁湖
菁湖 (Jīnghú)
菱角湖 (Língjiaohú)
蔣湖 / 蒋湖 (Jiǎnghú)
蓮湖 / 莲湖 (Liánhú)
蕪湖 / 芜湖 (Wúhú)
蘇必略湖 / 苏必略湖 (Sūbìlüè Hú)
西湖 (Xī Hú)
西湖佳話 / 西湖佳话
西趙湖 / 西赵湖 (Xīzhàohú)
貝加爾湖 / 贝加尔湖 (Bèijiā'ěr Hú)
貝爾湖 / 贝尔湖 (Bèi'ěr Hú)
走江湖 (zǒu jiānghu)
跑江湖
遊湖 / 游湖
鄱陽湖 / 鄱阳湖 (Póyáng Hú)
酃湖
重現江湖 / 重现江湖
金湖 (Jīnhú)
鏡泊湖 / 镜泊湖 (Jìngpō Hú)
鏡湖 / 镜湖 (Jìnghú)
鑑湖 / 鉴湖
鑑湖女俠 / 鉴湖女侠
長湖 / 长湖 (Chánghú)
間歇湖 / 间歇湖
闖江湖 / 闯江湖
陸水湖 / 陆水湖 (Lùshuǐhú)
陳瑤湖 / 陈瑶湖 (Chényáohú)
陽湖派 / 阳湖派
青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)
青草湖
騰格里湖
高湖 (Gāohú)
高湖街 (Gāohújiē)
魔鬼湖
鴨子湖 / 鸭子湖 (Yāzihú)
鴛鴦湖 / 鸳鸯湖
鵝湖 / 鹅湖
鹹水湖 / 咸水湖 (xiánshuǐhú)
鹹湖 / 咸湖 (xiánhú)
鹽湖 / 盐湖 (yánhú)
鹽湖城 / 盐湖城 (Yánhúchéng)
鼎湖 (dǐnghú)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (湖):

→ Japanese: 湖(こ) (ko)
→ Korean: 호(湖) (ho)
→ Vietnamese: hồ (湖)

Others:

→ Ai-Cham: fu²
→ Zhuang: huz

Japanese

Kanji

湖

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

lake

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu)、ご (go)
Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
Kun: みずうみ (mizuumi, 湖, Jōyō)^{←みづうみ (miduumi, 湖, historical)}
Nanori: うみ (umi)、ひろし (hiroshi)、み (mi)

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
湖
みずうみ Grade: 3
kun'yomi

水 (mizu, “water”) +‎ 海 (umi, “sea”)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) みずうみ [mìzúúꜜmì] (Nakadaka – [3])
IPA^(key): [mʲizɨɯ̟mʲi]

Noun

湖(みずうみ) • (mizuumi) ^{←みづうみ (miduumi)^?}

a lake (body of water)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 湖 (MC hu). Recorded as Middle Korean 호 (hwo) (Yale: hwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

湖 (eumhun 호수 호 (hosu ho))

hanja form^? of 호 (“lake”)

Compounds

강호 (江湖, gangho)
염호 (鹽湖, yeomho, “salt lake”)
인공호 (人工湖, in'gongho, “artificial lake”)
호남 (湖南, Honam, “Honam”)
호소 (湖沼, hoso, “lakes and marshes”)
호수 (湖水, hosu, “lake”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

湖: Hán Nôm readings: hồ

lake

Usage notes

The modern Vietnamese word for lake is hồ.

References

www.chunom.org