牯
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Translingual
Han character
牯 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹手十口 (HQJR), four-corner 24560, composition ⿰牜古)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 699, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19981
- Dae Jaweon: page 1112, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1806, character 10
- Unihan data for U+726F
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
牯 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 箇 | *kaːls |
| 個 | *kaːls |
| 居 | *kɯ, *kas |
| 橭 | *kaː, *kʰaː |
| 嫴 | *kaː |
| 姑 | *kaː |
| 辜 | *kaː |
| 酤 | *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ |
| 蛄 | *kaː |
| 鴣 | *kaː |
| 沽 | *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs |
| 盬 | *kaː, *kaːʔ |
| 古 | *kaːʔ |
| 罟 | *kaːʔ |
| 估 | *kaːʔ |
| 鈷 | *kaːʔ |
| 詁 | *kaːʔ |
| 牯 | *kaːʔ |
| 故 | *kaːs |
| 固 | *kaːs |
| 稒 | *kaːɡs |
| 痼 | *kaːɡs |
| 錮 | *kaːɡs |
| 鯝 | *kaːɡs |
| 棝 | *kaːɡs |
| 凅 | *kaːɡs |
| 枯 | *kʰaː |
| 軲 | *kʰaː |
| 跍 | *kʰaː |
| 骷 | *kʰaː |
| 苦 | *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs |
| 葫 | *qʰaː, *ɡaː |
| 餬 | *ɡaː |
| 瑚 | *ɡaː |
| 湖 | *ɡaː |
| 鶘 | *ɡaː |
| 猢 | *ɡaː |
| 醐 | *ɡaː |
| 糊 | *ɡaː |
| 箶 | *ɡaː |
| 蝴 | *ɡaː |
| 胡 | *ɡaː |
| 瓳 | *ɡaː |
| 怙 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 祜 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 岵 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 婟 | *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs |
| 楛 | *ɡaːʔ |
| 据 | *ka |
| 裾 | *ka |
| 琚 | *ka |
| 椐 | *ka, *kas, *kʰa |
| 鶋 | *ka |
| 蜛 | *ka |
| 崌 | *ka |
| 涺 | *ka |
| 腒 | *ka, *ɡa |
| 鋸 | *kas |
| 倨 | *kas |
| 踞 | *kas |
| 涸 | *ɡaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːʔ): semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ)
Etymology
Wang (1982) related this word to 羖 (OC *klaːʔ, “(black) ram”) and 豭 (OC *kraː, “boar”).
However, Schuessler (2007) suggested an Austroasiatic origin: compare these Bahnaric lexical items Koho klaw, Chrau klo:, Bulo Stieng klaw "male" (all from Proto-Bahnaric *kləw < Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁l(ə)w(ʔ) (“male”)), as well as Khmer ខ្លោះ (khlɑh, “male, virile”), កំលោះ (kɑmlɑh, “young man”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gu2
- Gan (Wiktionary): gu3
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): gǔ
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gou3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ku
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gu3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
- Wade–Giles: ku3
- Yale: gǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
- Palladius: гу (gu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gu2
- Yale: gú
- Cantonese Pinyin: gu2
- Guangdong Romanization: gu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kú
- Hakka Romanization System: guˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gu3
- Sinological IPA: /ku³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: guˊ
- Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: gu3
- Sinological IPA: /ku³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gou3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gô
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔu³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
- Tâi-lô: kóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: kor
- IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gou2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kóu
- Sinological IPA (key): /kou⁵²/
- (Hokkien)
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: kuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.kʷˤaʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kaːʔ/
Definitions
牯
- bull; ox (especially castrated)
- cow (female)
- (Hakka, Teochew, suffix) male
- Antonym: 嫲 (Hakka)
- 狗牯 [Sixian Hakka] ― kiéu-kú [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― male dog
- 賊牯／贼牯 [Sixian Hakka] ― chhe̍t-kú [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ] ― male thief
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 公牛 (“bull; ox”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 母牛 (“(female) cow”) [map]
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
牯
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
牯 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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