枯燥

Chinese

		withered; dried up	dry; parched; impatient
trad. (枯燥)		枯	燥
simp. ^#(枯燥)		枯	燥

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kūzào

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄗㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu¹ cou³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khû-châu
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ko͘-sò / kho͘-sò / koa-sò

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kūzào
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄗㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuzào
  - Wade–Giles: kʻu¹-tsao⁴
  - Yale: kū-dzàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kutzaw
  - Palladius: куцзао (kuczao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu¹ cou³
  - Yale: fū chou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu¹ tsou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu¹ cou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khû-châu
  - Hakka Romanization System: ku^ˊ zau^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ku¹ zau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sau̯²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-sò
  - Tâi-lô: koo-sò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kosoix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² so²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ so⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kho͘-sò
  - Tâi-lô: khoo-sò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qosoix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁴⁴⁻²² so²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koa-sò
  - Tâi-lô: kua-sò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koasoix
  - IPA (Taipei): /kua⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kua⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/

Adjective

枯燥

boring; dull; tedious
withered; dried up

Synonyms

(boring):

edit

乏味 (fáwèi)
乾燥 / 干燥 (gānzào)
乾癟 / 干瘪 (gānbiě) (of writing)
俗 (Hokkien, Teochew)
單一 / 单一 (dānyī)
單調 / 单调 (dāndiào)
枯索 (kūsuǒ) (literary)
沒趣 / 没趣 (méiqù)
無俗 / 无俗 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
無味 / 无味 (wúwèi)
無局 / 无局 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
無想俗 / 无想俗 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
無聊 / 无聊 (wúliáo)
無藝 / 无艺 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
無藝量 / 无艺量 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
無趣 / 无趣 (wúqù)

(withered): 乾枯／干枯 (gānkū)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “boring”): 有趣 (yǒuqù), 有意思 (yǒuyìsi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (枯燥):

→ Japanese: 枯燥(こそう) (kosō)

Others:

→ Vietnamese khô ráo