乾燥

See also: 干燥

Chinese

		dry; clean; male dry; clean; male; strong; one of the Eight Trigrams; surname	dry; parched; impatient
trad. (乾燥)		乾	燥
simp. (干燥)		干	燥

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gānzào

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢㄗㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹ cou³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kôn-châu

(Hailu, HRS): gon^ˋ zau^ˋ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gang¹ sor⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan-sò / kan-chàu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gānzào
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢㄗㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ganzào
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹-tsao⁴
  - Yale: gān-dzàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gantzaw
  - Palladius: ганьцзао (ganʹczao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gon¹ cou³
  - Yale: gōn chou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹ tsou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gon¹ cou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵ t͡sʰou̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn-châu
  - Hakka Romanization System: gon^ˊ zau^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gon¹ zau¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sau̯²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gon^ˋ zau^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kon⁵³ t͡sau⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gang¹ sor⁴ [Phonetic: gang² sor⁴]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gang-so̤̍
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵³³⁻¹³ ɬɒ⁴²/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gang¹ sor⁴ [Phonetic: gang² sor⁴]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²⁴ ɬɒ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-sò
  - Tâi-lô: kan-sò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kansoix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ so⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² so²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ so¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ sɤ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-chàu
  - Tâi-lô: kan-tsàu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kanzaux
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sau²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ t͡sau⁴¹/

Adjective

乾燥

dry; arid
皮膚乾燥／皮肤干燥 ― pífū gānzào ― dry skin
uninteresting; dull

Synonyms

(dry):

Dialectal synonyms of 乾 (“dry”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		乾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		乾
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	乾
	Taiwan	乾
	Malaysia	乾
	Singapore	乾
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	乾
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	乾
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	乾
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	乾
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	乾
	Wuhan	乾, 乾燥, 乾迸
	Guiyang	乾
	Guilin	乾
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	乾
	Yangzhou	乾
	Hefei	乾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	乾
	Hong Kong	乾
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	燥
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	燥
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	燥
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	乾
	Macau	乾
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	乾
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	乾
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	乾
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	乾
	Foshan	乾
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	乾
	Foshan (Shunde)	乾
	Foshan (Sanshui)	乾
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	乾
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	乾
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	乾
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	乾
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	乾
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	乾
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	乾
	Taishan	乾
	Kaiping (Chikan)	乾
	Enping (Niujiang)	乾
	Heshan (Yayao)	乾
	Dongguan	乾, 燥
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	乾
	Yangjiang	燥
	Singapore (Guangfu)	乾
Gan	Nanchang	乾
Gan	Jianning	焦
Hakka	Meixian	乾, 燥
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	乾
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	燥
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	燥
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	燥
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	燥
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	燥
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	燥
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	燥
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	燥
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	燥
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	燥
	Hong Kong	燥
Huizhou	Jixi	乾
Jin	Taiyuan	乾
Northern Min	Jian'ou	焦
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	焦, 乾
Southern Min	Xiamen	焦
	Quanzhou	焦
	Zhangzhou	焦
	Dongshan	焦
	Tainan	焦
	Penang (Hokkien)	焦
	Singapore (Hokkien)	焦
	Manila (Hokkien)	焦
	Chaozhou	焦
	Raoping	焦
	Shantou	焦
	Singapore (Teochew)	焦
	Wenchang	乾
	Qionghai	乾
	Singapore (Hainanese)	乾, 焦
Puxian Min	Putian	焦
Puxian Min	Xianyou	焦
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	乾
Wu	Shanghai	乾
	Shanghai (Chongming)	乾
	Suzhou	乾, 燥
	Danyang	乾
	Wenzhou	燥
Xiang	Changsha	乾
Xiang	Shuangfeng	乾, 燥

(uninteresting):

edit

乏味 (fáwèi)
乾癟 / 干瘪 (gānbiě) (of writing)
俗 (Hokkien, Teochew)
單一 / 单一 (dānyī)
單調 / 单调 (dāndiào)
枯燥 (kūzào)
枯索 (kūsuǒ) (literary)
沒趣 / 没趣 (méiqù)
無俗 / 无俗 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
無味 / 无味 (wúwèi)
無局 / 无局 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
無想俗 / 无想俗 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
無聊 / 无聊 (wúliáo)
無藝 / 无艺 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
無藝量 / 无艺量 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
無趣 / 无趣 (wúqù)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “dry”): 潮濕／潮湿 (cháoshī)
(antonym(s) of “uninteresting”): 有趣 (yǒuqù), 有意思 (yǒuyìsi)

Noun

乾燥

desiccation

Verb

乾燥

to dry

Synonyms

(literary or Min Nan) 焦燥 (jiāozào)

Derived terms

乾燥劑 / 干燥剂 (gānzàojì)
乾燥機 / 干燥机 (gānzàojī)
乾燥箱 / 干燥箱

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (乾燥):

→ Japanese: 乾燥(かんそう) (kansō)
→ Korean: 건조(乾燥) (geonjo)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
乾	燥
かん Grade: S	そう Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かんそー [kàńsóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kã̠ɰ̃so̞ː]

Noun

乾(かん)燥(そう) • (kansō) ^{←かんさう (kansau)^?}

aridity, dehydration, desiccation

Derived terms

乾(かん)燥(そう)芋(いも) (kansōimo)
乾(かん)燥(そう)果(か) (kansōka)
乾(かん)燥(そう)機(き) (kansōki)
乾(かん)燥(そう)季(き) (kansōki)
乾(かん)燥(そう)気(きこ)候(う) (kansō kikō)
乾(かん)燥(そう)血(けっ)漿(しょう) (kansō kesshō)
乾(かん)燥(そう)ゲル (kansō geru)
乾(かん)燥(そう)酵(こう)母(ぼ) (kansō kōbo)
乾(かん)燥(そう)材(ざい) (kansōzai)
乾(かん)燥(そう)剤(ざい) (kansōzai)
乾(かん)燥(そう)指(し)数(すう) (kansō shisū)
乾(かん)燥(そう)室(しつ) (kansōshitsu)
乾(かん)燥(そう)洗(せん)濯(たく) (kansō sentaku)
乾(かん)燥(そう)帯(たい) (kansōtai)
乾(かん)燥(そう)断(だん)熱(ねつ)減(げん)率(りつ) (kansō dannetsu genritsu)
乾(かん)燥(そう)地(ち)形(けい) (kansō chikei)
乾(かん)燥(そう)無(む)味(み) (kansō mumi)
乾(かん)燥(そう)肥(ひ)料(りょう) (kansō hiryō)
乾(かん)燥(そう)野(や)菜(さい) (kansō yasai)
乾(かん)燥(そう)油(ゆ) (kansōyu)
乾(かん)燥(そう)卵(らん) (kansōran)
乾(かん)燥(そう)炉(ろ) (kansōro)
乾(かん)燥(そう)林(りん) (kansōrin)
人(じん)工(こう)乾(かん)燥(そう) (jinkō kansō)
天(てん)然(ねん)乾(かん)燥(そう) (tennen kansō)
凍(とう)結(けつ)乾(かん)燥(そう) (tōketsu kansō)
無(む)味(み)乾(かん)燥(そう) (mumi kansō)
冷(れい)凍(とう)乾(かん)燥(そう) (reitō kansō)

Verb

乾(かん)燥(そう)する • (kansō suru) ^{←かんさう (kansau)^?}transitive or intransitive suru (stem 乾(かん)燥(そう)し (kansō shi), past 乾(かん)燥(そう)した (kansō shita))

to dry, to dehydrate, to desiccate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "乾燥する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	乾燥し	かんそうし	kansō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	乾燥し	かんそうし	kansō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	乾燥する	かんそうする	kansō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	乾燥する	かんそうする	kansō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	乾燥すれ	かんそうすれ	kansō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	乾燥せよ¹ 乾燥しろ²	かんそうせよ¹ かんそうしろ²	kansō seyo¹ kansō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	乾燥される	かんそうされる	kansō sareru
Causative	乾燥させる乾燥さす	かんそうさせるかんそうさす	kansō saseru kansō sasu
Potential	乾燥できる	かんそうできる	kansō dekiru
Volitional	乾燥しよう	かんそうしよう	kansō shiyō
Negative	乾燥しない	かんそうしない	kansō shinai
Negative continuative	乾燥せず	かんそうせず	kansō sezu
Formal	乾燥します	かんそうします	kansō shimasu
Perfective	乾燥した	かんそうした	kansō shita
Conjunctive	乾燥して	かんそうして	kansō shite
Hypothetical conditional	乾燥すれば	かんそうすれば	kansō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
乾	燥

Noun

乾燥 • (geonjo) (hangeul 건조)

hanja form^? of 건조 (“dryness; drying”)

[ZAJ-1] Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN

[SMK7-2] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-3] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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