焦
See also: 焳
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Translingual
Han character
焦 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人土火 (OGF), four-corner 20331, composition ⿱隹灬)
Derived terms
Additional Derived Characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 674, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19119
- Dae Jaweon: page 1086, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2212, character 1
- Unihan data for U+7126
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 焦 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 隹 (“bird”) + 火 (“fire”).
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
焦 | |
|---|---|---|
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjow (“to boil; to burn; to cook; to bake”). Cognate with Tibetan འཚོད ('tshod, “to cook”), Burmese ဆူ (hcu, “to boil”). Compare also the following Sinitic words (STEDT):
- 燋 (OC *ʔsew, *ʔsewɢ, “to roast, burn, scorch; torch”)
- 樵 (OC *zew, “to gather firewood; firewood; burn fuel”)
- 爝 (OC *ʔsewɢs, *ʔsewɢ, *zewɢ, “torch”)
- 竈 (OC *ʔsluːɡs, “stove, kitchen”)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jieu1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jiau1
- Northern Min (KCR): ciáu
- Eastern Min (BUC): ciĕu
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zieo1 / ziao1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ciau
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ziau1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
- Wade–Giles: chiao1
- Yale: jyāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
- Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jiao1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giao
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiau⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ziu1
- Yale: jīu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dziu1
- Guangdong Romanization: jiu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: diau1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiau³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chêu
- Hakka Romanization System: zeuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: zeu1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡seu̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: jiau1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕiau⁴⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciáu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siau⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
Note: literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zieo1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ca̤u
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zieo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieu⁵⁴⁴/
- (Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zieo1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siəu⁵⁴⁴/
- (Jiangkou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ziao1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siɐu⁵³³/
- (Putian, Nanri)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiau
- Tâi-lô: tsiau
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciaw
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siau⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siau³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chau
- Tâi-lô: tsau
- Phofsit Daibuun: zaw
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sau⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note: literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ziao1 / ziou1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiau / tsiou
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siau³³/, /t͡siou³³/
- (Teochew)
Note:
- literary;
- ziao1 - Shantou;
- ziou1 - Chaozhou.
- Middle Chinese: tsjew
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*S.tew/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsew/
Definitions
焦
Synonyms
- (burned): (Cantonese) 燶
Compounds
- 三焦 (sānjiāo)
- 上焦 (shàngjiāo)
- 下焦
- 中焦
- 分離焦慮 / 分离焦虑
- 勞心焦思 / 劳心焦思
- 勞身焦思 / 劳身焦思
- 包焦尼
- 失焦 (shījiāo)
- 宵旰焦勞 / 宵旰焦劳
- 對焦 / 对焦 (duìjiāo)
- 心焦 (xīnjiāo)
- 心焦如火
- 心焦如焚
- 憋憋焦焦
- 木焦油
- 火焦火辣
- 焦三仙
- 焦仲卿
- 焦仲卿妻
- 焦勞 / 焦劳
- 焦化 (jiāohuà)
- 焦土 (jiāotǔ)
- 焦土政策 (jiāotǔ zhèngcè)
- 焦孟不離 / 焦孟不离
- 焦家莊 / 焦家庄 (Jiāojiāzhuāng)
- 焦尾
- 焦尾琴
- 焦山河 (Jiāoshānhé)
- 焦岱 (Jiāodài)
- 焦循
- 焦心 (jiāoxīn)
- 焦心勞思 / 焦心劳思
- 焦急 (jiāojí)
- 焦慮 / 焦虑 (jiāolǜ)
- 焦憋
- 焦明 (jiāomíng)
- 焦月
- 焦枯
- 焦桐
- 焦棱
- 焦沙爛石 / 焦沙烂石
- 焦油 (jiāoyóu)
- 焦渴 (jiāokě)
- 焦灼 (jiāozhuó)
- 焦炙
- 焦炭 (jiāotàn)
- 焦煤 (jiāoméi)
- 無煙焦煤 / 无烟焦煤
- 焦熬投石
- 焦眉
- 焦穫 / 焦获
- 焦糖 (jiāotáng)
- 焦距 (jiāojù)
- 焦躁 (jiāozào)
- 焦金流石
- 焦釜
- 焦雷
- 焦霹靂 / 焦霹雳
- 焦面大士
- 焦頭爛額 / 焦头烂额 (jiāotóulàn'é)
- 焦黃 / 焦黄
- 焦黑 (jiāohēi)
- 焦點 / 焦点 (jiāodiǎn)
- 煉焦 / 炼焦
- 煤焦油 (méijiāoyóu)
- 煉焦爐 / 炼焦炉
- 燒焦 / 烧焦 (shāojiāo)
- 爛額焦頭 / 烂额焦头
- 皮焦肉爛 / 皮焦肉烂
- 聚焦 (jùjiāo)
- 脣焦舌敝 / 唇焦舌敝
- 舌敝脣焦 / 舌敝唇焦
- 苦心焦慮 / 苦心焦虑
- 調焦 / 调焦
- 變焦鏡頭 / 变焦镜头
- 近焦攝影 / 近焦摄影
- 迸兒焦 / 迸儿焦
- 鐺底焦飯 / 铛底焦饭
- 面皮焦黃 / 面皮焦黄
- 鮑焦 / 鲍焦
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
- Wade–Giles: chiao1
- Yale: jyāu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
- Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ziu1
- Yale: jīu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dziu1
- Guangdong Romanization: jiu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡siːu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
焦
Etymology 3
Possibly the same as etymology 1. However, Bodman (1980) relates it to Proto-Vietic *trawᴮ (“dry”).
Pronunciation
| simp. and trad. |
焦 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 乾／干 燋 凋 礁 灱 Teochew | |
- Northern Min (KCR): diǎu
- Eastern Min (BUC): dă
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dor1
- Southern Min
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: diǎu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tiau²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
Note: vernacular.
Note: vernacular.
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta
- Tâi-lô: ta
- Phofsit Daibuun: daf
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ta⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /ta³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: na
- Tâi-lô: na
- Phofsit Daibuun: naf
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nã⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- vernacular;
- na - only used in 干焦.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: da1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ta
- Sinological IPA (key): /ta³³/
Note: vernacular.
Definitions
焦
- (Min, Jianning Gan) dry
- (Singapore Hokkien) cheers!
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 乾 (“dry”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 乾杯 (“cheers!”) [map]
Compounds
References
- “焦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- (Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “焦”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 179.
Japanese
Kanji
焦
Readings
- Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←せう (seu, historical)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)←せう (seu, historical)
- Kun: こげる (kogeru, 焦げる, Jōyō)、あせる (aseru, 焦る, Jōyō)、こがれる (kogareru, 焦がれる, Jōyō)、こがす (kogasu, 焦がす, Jōyō)、じれる (jireru, 焦れる)、じらす (jirasu, 焦らす)
Korean
Hanja
焦 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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