十

十 U+5341, 十 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5341 ← 區 [U+5340] CJK Unified Ideographs 卂 → [U+5342]

⼗ U+2F17, ⼗ KANGXI RADICAL TEN ← ⼖ [U+2F16] Kangxi Radicals ⼘ → [U+2F18]

㈩ U+3229, ㈩ PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH TEN ← ㈨ [U+3228] Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㈪ → [U+322A]

㊉ U+3289, ㊉ CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH TEN ← ㊈ [U+3288] Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊊ → [U+328A]

Stroke order

Stroke order

十 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 十 (J), four-corner 4000₀, composition ⿻一丨)

1. Kangxi radical #24, ⼗.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №54

• Appendix:Chinese radical/十
• 什, 廾, 叶, 㚈, 汁, 䦹, 辻, 旪, 瓧, 竍, 籵, 計(计), 兙, 針(针)
• 干, 仐, 夲, 早, 毕, 氒, 皁, 辛, 䘚, 阜, 隼, 章, 率, 䭴, 準(凖)
• 土, 士, 支, 古, 孛, 壴, 直, 真, 索, 㥁, 疐, 伞, 傘, 畞, 賫(赍), 賷, 䥅, 戎

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 155, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2695
• Dae Jaweon: page 348, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 58, character 9
• Unihan data for U+5341

simp. and trad.		十
alternative forms		拾 financial 什

Unlike 一, which was one horizontal stroke meaning one, 十 was originally simply a vertical stroke. In later forms 一 was added, forming a cross.

Possibly a pictogram (象形) for a needle, later written as 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums), borrowed phonetically for 十 (OC *ɡjub, “ten”).

Unrelated to 支, 卖, 直, 真, 德, 甫， and 七 but related to the original version of 丈 and perhaps related to 由.

The notion that 針 / 针 (zhēn) belongs to the same series as 十 (shí) is not generally accepted. If they are separated, Baxter-Sagart's reconstruction can be amended to *[g][i]p.

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *sV-ɢip.

十

1. ten
2. (figurative) topmost; utmost

   十分  ―  shífēn  ―  very

   十全十美  ―  shíquánshíměi  ―  perfect

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	102	103	104	106	108	1012
Normal (小寫 / 小写)	〇, 零, 空	一, 蜀	二, 兩 / 两	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬 / 万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬 / 百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億 / 亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫 / 大写)	零	壹	貳 / 贰	參 / 叁	肆	伍	陸 / 陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟

In Min Nan numbers, the vernacular (白) pronunciation is the more common pronunciation, while the literary (文) reading is used for reading numbers out loud, such as in phone numbers. Please note that this usage is similar to the usage of the variant 幺 for the numeral 一 in Mandarin.

Others:

• → Ahom: 𑜏𑜢𑜆𑜫 (sip)
• → Bouyei: xib
• → Khmer: ដប់ (dɑp), សិប (səp)
• → Lao: ສິບ (sip)
• → Lü: ᦉᦲᧇ (ṡiib)
• → Saek: ซิ̄บ
• → Shan: သိပ်း (síp)
• → Tai Dam: ꪎꪲꪚ
• → Tai Nüa: ᥔᥤᥙᥴ (síp)
• → Thai: สิบ (sìp)
• → Zhuang: cib

Japanese cardinal numbers

<  9	10	11  >
Cardinal : 十

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: じゅう (jū, Jōyō)^{←じふ (zifu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū)^{←しふ (sifu, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: じっ (ji', Jōyō)、じゅっ (ju')
• Kun: と (to, 十, Jōyō)、とお (tō, 十, Jōyō)^{←とを (towo, 十, historical)}、そ (so, 十)
• Nanori: い (i)、か (ka)、かず (kazu)、ぎ (gi)、さ (sa)、し (shi)、しげ (shige)、そう (sō)、ただ (tada)、ち (chi)、とみ (tomi)、ね (ne)、ひさし (hisashi)、ま (ma)、みつ (mitsu)、みつる (mitsuru)、る (ru)、わ (wa)

Kanji in this term
十
じゅう Grade: 1
goon

Kanji in this term
十
じっ Grade: 1
kan'yōon

Alternative spelling
拾 (financial)

/ʑipʉ/ → /ʑiɸu/ → /ʑɨu/ → /ʑuː//ʑiʔ/ → /ʑi~̚/

From Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip). Compare literary Hokkien 十 (si̍p).

• (Tokyo) じゅう [júꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨː]

• Audio:

  (file)

十(じゅう) • (jū) ^{←じふ (zifu)?}

1. ten, 10

• 一(いち)から十(じゅう)まで (ichi kara jū made)

• 一(いち)を聞(き)いて十(じゅう)を知(し)る (ichi o kiite jū o shiru)

十(じゅう) • (jū) ^{←じふ (zifu)?}

1. a ten-year-old

十(じゅう) or 十(じっ) • (jū- or ji'-) ^{←じふ (zifu)?}

1. ten, 10
2. tenth
3. tenfold
4. all, completely, perfect

Kanji in this term
十
とお Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨to₂wo⟩ → */təwo/ → /towo/ → /toː/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *təwə.

• (Tokyo) とお [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ː]

十(とお) • (tō) ^{←とを (towo)?}

1. ten, 10

• 十(とお)が十(とお) (tō ga tō)
• 十(とお)の界(さかい) (tō no sakai)

• 十(とお)で神(しん)童(どう)十(じゅう)五(ご)で才(さい)子(し)二十(はたち)過(す)ぎればただの人(ひと) (tō de shindō jūgo de saishi hatachi sugireba tada no hito)

Kanji in this term
十
と Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Shift from tō above.^[2]

• (Tokyo) と [tóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞]

十(と) • (to) 

1. ten, 10

Kanji in this term
十
そ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨so₁⟩ → */sʷo/ → /so/

From Old Japanese.

Used in compounds.

• IPA^(key): [so̞]

十(そ) • (so) 

1. multiplied by ten: tenfold

Kanji in this term
十
しい Grade: 1
irregular

From Mandarin 十 (shí).^[3]

• IPA^(key): [ɕiː]

十(シー) • (shī) 

1. ten, 10

• 十(シー)三(サン)么(ヤオ)九(チュー) (shīsan'yaochū)
• 十(シー)錦(チン) (shīchin)

Korean numbers ^(edit)

		100
←  1	←  9	10	11  →	20  →
		1
Native isol.: 열 (yeol)     Native attr.: 열 (yeol)     Sino-Korean: 십 (sip)     Hanja: 十     Ordinal: 열째 (yeoljjae)

From Middle Chinese 十 (MC dzyip).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	씹〮 (Yale: ssíp)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]	열〮 (Yale: yél)	십〮 (Yale: síp)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɕʰip̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [십]

Wikisource

十 (eumhun 열 십 (yeol sip))

1. hanja form^? of 십 (“ten”)
2. hanja form^? of 십 (“whole; complete; perfect”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

十: Hán Việt readings: thập (寔(thực)入(nhập)切(thiết))^[1][2][3]
十: Nôm readings: thập^[1][2][4]

1. chữ Hán form of thập
   1. ten
   2. Kangxi radical 24—‘ten’