索
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Translingual
Han character
索 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 十月女戈火 (JBVIF), four-corner 40903, composition ⿳十冖糸)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27306
- Dae Jaweon: page 1349, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3369, character 9
- Unihan data for U+7D22
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 索 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 糸 (“thread”) + 𣎳 (“strip fibres off a hemp stalk”). Threads (rope) being removed from a fabric.
糸 visually represents the middle interior of the small seal script form, whereas 𣎳 is the three-pointed top part and the left and right lines.
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
索 | |
|---|---|---|
From Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Vietic *ɟaːk (“rope”) (> Vietnamese chạc), Mon ဇုက် (“string; cord; rope; lashing; creeper”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sok
- Eastern Min (BUC): só̤h
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): so6 / seh6 / sorh6
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7soq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: suǒ
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄛˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: suǒ
- Wade–Giles: so3
- Yale: swǒ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suoo
- Palladius: со (so)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯ɔ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: so2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: so
- Sinological IPA (key): /so²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sok3
- Yale: sok
- Cantonese Pinyin: sok8
- Guangdong Romanization: sog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhok2-4 / lhok2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɔk̚⁵⁵⁻²¹/, /ɬɔk̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- lhok2-4 - noun;
- lhok2 - verb.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sok
- Hakka Romanization System: sogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sog5
- Sinological IPA: /sok̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: so6
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seō
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬo¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: so6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬo²¹/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seh6
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seh
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɛʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: seh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɛʔ²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sorh6
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: so̤h
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɒʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sorh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬɒʔ²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soh
- Tâi-lô: soh
- Phofsit Daibuun: soiq
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Singapore): /soʔ³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɤʔ³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /soʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sok
- Tâi-lô: sok
- Phofsit Daibuun: sog
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen): /sɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
- Tâi-lô: sik
- Phofsit Daibuun: seg
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
Note:
- soh - vernacular;
- sok/sek - literary.
- Middle Chinese: sak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*slaːɡ/
Definitions
索
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 繩子 (“string; rope; cord”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 條子 (“bamboo tile (mahjong)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 條子 |
| Taiwan | 條子 | |
| Langfang | 條子 | |
| Chifeng | 條兒 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 條子 | |
| Harbin | 條子, 條 | |
| Shenyang | 條子, 索子 | |
| Singapore | 索子 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 條子 |
| Tangshan | 條子 | |
| Cangzhou | 條子 | |
| Baoding | 條子 | |
| Shijiazhuang | 條子 | |
| Jinan | 條子 | |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 條子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 條子 |
| Zhengzhou | 條 | |
| Xi'an | 條, 索 | |
| Xining | 條子 | |
| Xuzhou | 條 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 條子 |
| Lanzhou | 條子, 索子 | |
| Ürümqi | 條子 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 條子 |
| Chongqing | 條子, 索子 | |
| Guiyang | 條子 | |
| Kunming | 條子, 索子 | |
| Guilin | 索子 | |
| Liuzhou | 條子 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 條子 |
| Yangzhou | 條子 | |
| Nantong | 條 | |
| Hefei | 條子 | |
| Huanggang | 條子, 索子 | |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 索子 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 索子, 條子 |
| Lichuan | 索子 | |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 條, 索 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 條子, 棍子 |
| Xinzhou | 棍子 | |
| Linhe | 條子 | |
| Jining | 條子 | |
| Hohhot | 條子, 棍子 | |
| Zhangjiakou | 條子 | |
| Handan | 條, 條子 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 索 |
Etymology 2
| simp. and trad. |
索 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 𡩡 𢱢 | |
Ultimately Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ស (sɑɑ, “white; to show something clearly”); cognate with 素 (OC *saːs, “colourless; plain”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sok
- Eastern Min (BUC): sáuk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7soq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: suǒ
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄛˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: suǒ
- Wade–Giles: so3
- Yale: swǒ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suoo
- Palladius: со (so)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯ɔ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: saak3 / sok3 / suk3
- Yale: saak / sok / suk
- Cantonese Pinyin: saak8 / sok8 / suk8
- Guangdong Romanization: sag3 / sog3 / sug3
- Sinological IPA (key): /saːk̚³/, /sɔːk̚³/, /sʊk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: sok2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔk̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sok
- Hakka Romanization System: sogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sog5
- Sinological IPA: /sok̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soh
- Tâi-lô: soh
- Phofsit Daibuun: soiq
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /soʔ³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɤʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sak
- Tâi-lô: sak
- Phofsit Daibuun: sag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sok
- Tâi-lô: sok
- Phofsit Daibuun: sog
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sek
- Tâi-lô: sik
- Phofsit Daibuun: seg
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- soh/sak - vernacular;
- sok/sek - literary.
- Middle Chinese: srjaek, sreak
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤak/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sraːɡ/, /*sreːɡ/
Definitions
索
- to search; to look for; to inquire into
- to request; to demand
- (literary) alone; solitary
- (literary) uninteresting; dull; insipid
Etymology 3
| simp. and trad. |
索 | |
|---|---|---|
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: suǒ
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄛˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: suǒ
- Wade–Giles: so3
- Yale: swǒ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suoo
- Palladius: со (so)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯ɔ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sok3
- Yale: sok
- Cantonese Pinyin: sok8
- Guangdong Romanization: sog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sok
- Hakka Romanization System: sogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sog5
- Sinological IPA: /sok̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sek
- Tâi-lô: Sik
- Phofsit Daibuun: seg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sak
- Tâi-lô: Sak
- Phofsit Daibuun: sag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: sak
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*slaːɡ/
Definitions
索
- a surname
Etymology 4
| simp. and trad. |
索 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 嗍 欶 | |
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sok3
- Yale: sok
- Cantonese Pinyin: sok8
- Guangdong Romanization: sog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
索
Etymology 5
| simp. and trad. |
索 | |
|---|---|---|
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From 嗍, 欶?”)
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sok3
- Yale: sok
- Cantonese Pinyin: sok8
- Guangdong Romanization: sog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
索
Compounds
- 一索得男 (yīsuǒdénán)
- 一索成男
- 一落索
- 丁娘十索
- 不假思索 (bùjiǎsīsuǒ)
- 不加思索 (bùjiāsīsuǒ)
- 不索
- 伊索寓言
- 伸鉤索鐵 / 伸钩索铁
- 便索
- 倒裳索領 / 倒裳索领
- 全文檢索 / 全文检索 (quánwén jiǎnsuǒ)
- 八索
- 八索九丘
- 冥思苦索 (míngsīkǔsuǒ)
- 則索 / 则索
- 勒索 (lèsuǒ)
- 原索動物 / 原索动物
- 只索
- 名韁利索 / 名缰利索
- 吹毛索疵
- 國際索償 / 国际索偿
- 坐索
- 培格索斯
- 外高加索 (Wài Gāojiāsuǒ)
- 大索
- 奔車朽索 / 奔车朽索
- 套索 (tàosuǒ)
- 婪索
- 尋瑕索瘢 / 寻瑕索瘢
- 導爆索 / 导爆索
- 尾索動物 / 尾索动物
- 徽索
- 思索 (sīsuǒ)
- 悉索敝賦 / 悉索敝赋
- 悉索薄賦 / 悉索薄赋
- 意興索然 / 意兴索然
- 戎索
- 戰索索 / 战索索
- 拉索
- 拍索
- 披索 (pīsuǒ)
- 披麻帶索 / 披麻带索
- 按圖索驥 / 按图索骥 (àntúsuǒjì)
- 探奧索隱 / 探奥索隐
- 探幽索隱 / 探幽索隐
- 探淵索珠 / 探渊索珠
- 探索 (tànsuǒ)
- 推索
- 探賾索微 / 探赜索微
- 探賾索隱 / 探赜索隐
- 搜索 (sōusuǒ)
- 搜索半徑 / 搜索半径
- 搜索枯腸 / 搜索枯肠 (sōusuǒkūcháng)
- 搜索票
- 搜索隊 / 搜索队
- 搝大索 (khiú-tōa-soh) (Min Nan)
- 摳摳索索 / 抠抠索索
- 摸索 (mōsuǒ)
- 撲索 / 扑索
- 擿埴索塗 / 擿埴索涂
- 敲詐勒索 / 敲诈勒索 (qiāozhàlèsuǒ)
- 智盡能索 / 智尽能索
- 暗中摸索
- 暌索
- 木索
- 枯索 (kūsuǒ)
- 枯魚銜索 / 枯鱼衔索
- 檢索 / 检索 (jiǎnsuǒ)
- 比索 (bǐsuǒ)
- 氣索 / 气索
- 求索 (qiúsuǒ)
- 決裂索性 / 决裂索性
- 泛索
- 沮索
- 洗垢索瘢
- 消索
- 漫天索價 / 漫天索价
- 滾肚索 / 滚肚索
- 犬馬齒索 / 犬马齿索
- 瑟索
- 百索
- 知盡能索 / 知尽能索
- 索倫 / 索伦 (Suǒlún)
- 索債 / 索债 (suǒzhài)
- 索價 / 索价
- 索利
- 索取 (suǒqǔ)
- 索合
- 索命 (suǒmìng)
- 索垢尋疵 / 索垢寻疵
- 索婦 / 索妇
- 索子 (suǒzi)
- 索寞 (suǒmò)
- 索居 (suǒjū)
- 索引 (suǒyǐn)
- 索強如 / 索强如
- 索性
- 索放
- 索是
- 索書號碼 / 索书号码
- 索橋 / 索桥
- 索欠
- 索河 (Suǒhé)
- 索然 (suǒrán)
- 索然寡味 (suǒránguǎwèi)
- 索然無味 / 索然无味 (suǒránwúwèi)
- 索爾 / 索尔 (suǒ'ěr)
- 索盡枯腸 / 索尽枯肠
- 索米長安 / 索米长安
- 索粉
- 索索
- 索羅 / 索罗
- 索興 / 索兴
- 索落
- 索薪
- 索虜 / 索虏
- 索討 / 索讨
- 索訶 / 索诃
- 索賄 / 索贿 (suǒhuì)
- 索賠 / 索赔 (suǒpéi)
- 索道 (suǒdào)
- 索隱 / 索隐
- 索隱行怪 / 索隐行怪
- 索頭 / 索头
- 索頭虜 / 索头虏
- 索馬利亞 / 索马利亚 (Suǒmǎlìyà)
- 索鬧 / 索闹
- 索麵 / 索面
- 絃索 / 弦索
- 絆馬索 / 绊马索 (bànmǎsuǒ)
- 絞索 / 绞索 (jiǎosuǒ)
- 網路索引 / 网路索引
- 線索 / 线索 (xiànsuǒ)
- 繩索 / 绳索 (shéngsuǒ)
- 脊索 (jǐsuǒ)
- 脊索動物 / 脊索动物 (jǐsuǒ dòngwù)
- 興味索然 / 兴味索然 (xìngwèisuǒrán)
- 興致索然 / 兴致索然
- 落索
- 蒱睃摸索
- 蒐索 (sōusuǒ)
- 蕭索 / 萧索 (xiāosuǒ)
- 衣索比亞 / 衣索比亚 (Yīsuǒbǐyà)
- 覓索 / 觅索
- 謁索 / 谒索
- 貫索 / 贯索
- 資料索引 / 资料索引
- 資訊檢索 / 资讯检索
- 賴索托 / 赖索托 (Làisuǒtuō)
- 走索
- 走繩索 / 走绳索
- 跳天索地
- 跳百索
- 跳索
- 跳馬索 / 跳马索
- 踩軟索 / 踩软索
- 追索 (zhuīsuǒ)
- 追索權 / 追索权
- 連索 / 连索
- 郭索
- 金石索
- 鉤索 / 钩索
- 鉤索羅織 / 钩索罗织
- 鋼索 / 钢索 (gāngsuǒ)
- 鐵索 / 铁索 (tiěsuǒ)
- 鐵索郎當 / 铁索郎当
- 離群索居 / 离群索居 (líqúnsuǒjū)
- 雷達搜索 / 雷达搜索
- 需索
- 霍索
- 頂橦踏索 / 顶橦踏索
- 須索 / 须索
- 高加索 (Gāojiāsuǒ)
- 黑克索斯
- 點索 / 点索
References
- “索”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
Japanese
Kanji
索
Readings
- Go-on: しゃく (shaku)、さく (saku, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: さく (saku, Jōyō)
- Kun: なわ (nawa, 索)←なは (nafa, 索, historical)、つな (tsuna, 索)、もとめる (motomeru, 索める)、さがす (sagasu, 索す)
Compounds
References
- ^ “索”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 索 (MC srjaek|sreak). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: sóyk) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɛk̚] ~ [sʰe̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [색/섹]
Hanja
索 (eumhun 찾을 색 (chajeul saek))
- hanja form? of 색 (“to search”)
- hanja form? of 색 (“to request; to demand”)
- hanja form? of 색 (“to inquire”)
Compounds
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 索 (MC sak). Recorded as Middle Korean 삭〮 (sák) (Yale: sák) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [삭]
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Chữ Hán
索: Hán Nôm readings: sách, tác, xách
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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