紡

See also: 纺

紡	U+7D21, 紡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D21

← 素
[U+7D20]

CJK Unified Ideographs

索 →
[U+7D22]

Translingual

Han character

紡 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女火卜竹尸 (VFYHS), four-corner 2092₇, composition ⿰糹方)

Derived characters

鶭

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27305
Dae Jaweon: page 1349, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3376, character 10
Unihan data for U+7D21

Chinese

trad.		紡
simp.		纺

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
縍	*paːŋ
榜	paːŋʔ, praːŋs, *braːŋ
蒡	paːŋʔ, braːŋ
牓	*paːŋʔ
螃	paːŋʔ, paːŋs, *baːŋ
搒	paːŋs, braːŋ
舫	paːŋs, paŋs
謗	*paːŋs
雱	*pʰaːŋ
磅	pʰaːŋ, pʰraːŋ
霶	*pʰaːŋ
滂	*pʰaːŋ
鎊	*pʰaːŋ
髈	pʰaːŋʔ, baːŋ
彷	baːŋ, pʰaŋʔ
趽	baːŋ, paŋ, *paŋs
房	baːŋ, baŋ
篣	baːŋ, braːŋ
騯	baːŋ, praːŋ, *braːŋ
傍	baːŋ, baːŋs
膀	*baːŋ
旁	*baːŋ
徬	*baːŋs
閍	*praːŋ
祊	*praːŋ
嗙	*praːŋ
方	paŋ, baŋ
汸	*paŋ
坊	paŋ, baŋ
邡	paŋ, pʰaŋs
枋	*paŋ
鈁	*paŋ
蚄	*paŋ
肪	paŋ, baŋ
鴋	paŋ, baŋ
牥	*paŋ
昉	*paŋʔ
瓬	*paŋʔ
放	paŋʔ, paŋs
倣	*paŋʔ
芳	*pʰaŋ
淓	*pʰaŋ
妨	pʰaŋ, pʰaŋs
紡	*pʰaŋʔ
仿	*pʰaŋʔ
髣	*pʰaŋʔ
鶭	*pʰaŋʔ
訪	*pʰaŋs
防	baŋ, baŋs
魴	*baŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰaŋʔ): semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ).

Etymology 1

Compare Tibetan ཕང (phang, “spindle”), Burmese ဝင့် (wang., “to spin (cotton)”), Japhug pɣo (“to spin”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019; Jacques, Buckley, and Li, 2025); these are all from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *paŋʔ (“to spin, spindle”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fǎng (fang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fong²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fóng / pióng

(Hailu, HRS): fong^ˊ / piong^ˊ
Eastern Min (BUC): pūng / huōng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pang³ / horng³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pháng / hóng

(Teochew, Peng'im): pang²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵faon / ³faon / ³fan
- (Jinhua): ³faon

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǎng
  - Wade–Giles: fang³
  - Yale: fǎng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faang
  - Palladius: фан (fan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɑŋ²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fong²
  - Yale: fóng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fong²
  - Guangdong Romanization: fong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɔːŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fóng / pióng
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˋ / biong^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fong³ / biong³
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ³¹/, /pi̯oŋ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: fong^ˊ / piong^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴/, /pʰioŋ²⁴/

Note:

Sixian:
- fóng - literary;
- pióng - vernacular.
Hailu:
- fongˊ - literary;
- piongˊ - vernacular.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: pūng / huōng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuŋ³³/, /huoŋ³³/

Note:

pūng - vernacular;
huōng - literary.

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: pang³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: pâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: pang³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hô̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: horng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒŋ³³²/

Note:

pang3 - vernacular;
horng3 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pháng / hóng
  - Tâi-lô: pháng / hóng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pharng, horng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pʰaŋ⁵³/, /hɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰaŋ⁵⁵⁴/, /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰaŋ⁵³/, /hɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰaŋ⁵³/, /hɔŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰaŋ⁴¹/, /hɔŋ⁴¹/

Note:

pháng - vernacular;
hóng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: pang²
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pháng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ⁵²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵faon
  - MiniDict: faon^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²faan
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fɑ̃³⁴/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ³faon
  - MiniDict: faon^上
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /fɑ̃³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɸɒ̃⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /fɑ̃⁴²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /fɑ̃⁵¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /fɑ̃⁴³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /fɒŋ³³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /fɔ̃³²⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /fɔ³⁵/
- (Northern: Changzhou, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³fan
  - MiniDict: fan^上
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /faŋ⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /fɑŋ⁵³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ³faon
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /fɑŋ⁵³⁵/

Middle Chinese: phjangX

Rime
Character	紡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	妃兩切
Baxter	phjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰʉɐŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰʷiɐŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuɑŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuaŋ^X/
Li Rong	/pʰiuaŋ^X/
Wang Li	/pʰĭwaŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰiwaŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fong²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰaŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*pʰaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	紡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ phjang^X ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰaŋʔ/
English	twist, spin
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	紡
Reading #	1/1
No.	3044
Phonetic component	方
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	髣
Old Chinese	/*pʰaŋʔ/

Definitions

紡

to spin; to reel; to weave
reeled pongee

Compounds

棉紡 / 棉纺 (miánfǎng)
毛紡 / 毛纺 (máofǎng)
混紡 / 混纺 (hùnfǎng)
粗紡 / 粗纺
紡大 / 纺大 (Fǎngdà)
紡染 / 纺染
紡棉花 / 纺棉花
紡紗 / 纺纱 (fǎngshā)
紡綢 / 纺绸
紡線 / 纺线
紡績 / 纺绩 (fǎngjì)
紡縳 / 纺䌸
紡績井臼 / 纺绩井臼
紡績器 / 纺绩器
紡織 / 纺织 (fǎngzhī)
紡織品 / 纺织品 (fǎngzhīpǐn)
紡織娘 / 纺织娘 (fǎngzhīniáng)
紡織廠 / 纺织厂 (fǎngzhīchǎng)
紡織業 / 纺织业 (fǎngzhīyè)
紡織機 / 纺织机 (fǎngzhījī)
紡纖 / 纺纤
紡車 / 纺车 (fǎngchē)
紡錘 / 纺锤 (fǎngchuí)
紡錠 / 纺锭 (fǎngdìng)
紡錘蟲 / 纺锤虫
紡錘體 / 纺锤体 (fǎngchuítǐ)
細紡 / 细纺
針黹紡績 / 针黹纺绩
雪紡 / 雪纺 (xuěfǎng, “chiffon”)
麻紡 / 麻纺

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 紡 – see 綁 (“to bind; to tie; to fasten”). (This character is a variant form of 綁).

References

“紡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

紡

(Jōyō kanji)

to spin; to make yarn
to spin (a tale); to assemble (e.g. words); to put together

Readings

Go-on: ほう (hō)
Kan-on: ほう (hō)
Kan’yō-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
Kun: つむぐ (tsumugu, 紡ぐ, Jōyō)

Compounds

紡機(ぼうき) (bōki)
紡糸(ぼうし) (bōshi)
紡織(ぼうしょく) (bōshoku)
紡績(ぼうせき) (bōseki)
紡錘(ぼうすい) (bōsui)
紡毛(ぼうもう) (bōmō), 紡毛糸(ぼうもうし) (bōmōshi)
混紡(こんぼう) (konbō)
綿紡(めんぼう) (menbō), 綿紡績(めんぼうせき) (menbōseki)

Korean

Hanja

紡 (eum 방 (bang))

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Vietnamese

Chữ Hán

紡: Hán Nôm readings: phưởng, vưởng, vướng

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.