什

See also: 甚

什	U+4EC0, 什 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EC0

← 亿
[U+4EBF]

CJK Unified Ideographs

仁 →
[U+4EC1]

什	U+F9FD, 什 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FD

← 識
[U+F9FC]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

茶 →
[U+F9FE]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

什 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人十 (OJ), four-corner 2420₀, composition ⿰亻十)

Derived characters

𠯰, 𪭡, 𨑮, 𱑐, 𦬯

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 91, character 6
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 348
Dae Jaweon: page 192, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 108, character 2
Unihan data for U+4EC0

Unihan data for U+F9FD

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 什
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script	Small seal script

Small seal script s05782 Transcribed ancient scripts L38517
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (十) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
針	kjum, kjums
汁	*kjub
卙	*kʰljub
十	*ɡjub
什	*ɡjub

Etymology 1

trad.		什/甚^*
simp.		什

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shén, shé (shen², she²)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˊ, ㄕㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sam⁶
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sím

(Teochew, Peng'im): sim⁶ / sib⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷seq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shén
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shén
  - Wade–Giles: shên²
  - Yale: shén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shern
  - Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shé
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shé
  - Wade–Giles: shê²
  - Yale: shé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher
  - Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sam⁶
  - Yale: sahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: sem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐm²²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sím
  - Tâi-lô: sím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siem
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sim⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sim⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sim⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sim⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sim⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sim⁶ / sib⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĭm / si̍p
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sim³⁵/, /sip̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷seq
  - MiniDict: seh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴seq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /səʔ⁵⁵/

Definitions

什

only used in 什麼／什么 (shénme)

Compounds

不差什麼 / 不差什么
不算什麼 / 不算什么
什麼 / 什么
什麼什麼 / 什么什么
什麼樣 / 什么样 (shénmeyàng)
什麼的 / 什么的 (shénmede)
可什麼 / 可什么
幹什麼 / 干什么 (gàn shénme)
沒什麼 / 没什么 (méishénme)
為什麼 / 为什么 (wèishénme)
算什麼 / 算什么

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		什

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shí (shi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sap⁶ / zaap⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sih⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): si̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): zab⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zeq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shí
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
  - Wade–Giles: shih²
  - Yale: shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
  - Palladius: ши (ši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sap⁶ / zaap⁶
  - Yale: sahp / jaahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sap⁹ / dzaap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: seb⁶ / zab⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐp̚²/, /t͡saːp̚²/

Note:

sap6 - literary;
zaap6 - variant (“miscellaneous” or alternative form of 雜).

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: siib
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sib⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sih⁷
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: si̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p
  - Tâi-lô: si̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sip
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sip̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sip̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sip̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sip̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zab⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sap̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸zeq
  - MiniDict: zeh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese: dzyip

Rime
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是執切
Baxter	dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyip ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English	troop of ten men
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	什
Reading #	1/1
No.	11453
Phonetic component	十
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	十
Old Chinese	/*ɡjub/

Definitions

什

(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, census) ten families
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) troop of ten men
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) set of ten poems
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 十 (shí, “ten”), usually used in fractions or multiples.
miscellaneous; assorted
alternative form of 雜 / 杂 (zá)
a surname

Compounds

什一
什一之利
什不閑 / 什不闲
什件 (shíjiàn)
什件兒 / 什件儿
什伯
什器 (shíqì)
什物 (shíwù)
什百
什葉 / 什叶
什葉派 / 什叶派 (Shíyèpài)
什襲 / 什袭
什襲珍藏 / 什袭珍藏
什錦 / 什锦 (shíjǐn)
什面
佳什
僗什子 / 𫢬什子
克什克騰 / 克什克腾
勞什子 / 劳什子 (láoshízi)
勞什骨子 / 劳什骨子
印古什 (Yìngǔshí)
哈什螞 / 哈什蚂
喀什
喀什噶爾 / 喀什噶尔
喀什米爾 / 喀什米尔 (Kàshímǐ'ěr)
喀拉喀什 (Kālākāshí)
塔什庫爾干 / 塔什库尔干 (Tǎshíkù'ěrgān)
孟什維克 / 孟什维克 (mèngshíwéikè)
家什
巴什吉爾 / 巴什吉尔
庫米什 / 库米什 (Kùmǐshí)
戈什
戈什哈
拜什吐格曼 (Bàishí Tǔgémàn)
撈什子 / 捞什子
烏什 / 乌什 (Wūshí)
烏夏巴什 / 乌夏巴什 (Wūxiàbāshí)
物什 (wùshí)
玉龍喀什 / 玉龙喀什 (Yùlóngkāshí)
瑪特廖什卡 / 玛特廖什卡 (mǎtèliàoshíkǎ)
篇什
素什錦 / 素什锦
闊什塔格 / 阔什塔格 (Kuòshítǎgé)
闊什薩特瑪 / 阔什萨特玛 (Kuòshísàtèmǎ)
阿圖什 / 阿图什 (Ātúshí)
風什 / 风什

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		什

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zá (za²)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄚˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zá
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zá
  - Wade–Giles: tsa²
  - Yale: dzá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzar
  - Palladius: цза (cza)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sä³⁵/

Definitions

什

used in 通什

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		什

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siáⁿ / sáⁿ / siahⁿ / sahⁿ

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: siánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sviar
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siã⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /siã⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sáⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: sánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svar
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Sanxia, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siahⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: siannh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sviaq
- (Hokkien: Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sahⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: sannh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svaq

Note: siahⁿ/sahⁿ - at the end of a phrase.

Definitions

什

(Hokkien) alternative form of 啥 (“what”)
- (Can we date this quote?), “留戀什路用”, 葉俊麟 (lyrics), 邱芳德 (music), performed by 陳一郎:
  
  腦海中的走馬燈　留戀什路用 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
  脑海中的走马灯　留恋什路用 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
  náu-hái tiong ê cháu-bé-teng, liû-loân siáⁿ lō͘-ēng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  What use is there to think with nostalgia about the horse lamp in my mind?
- (Can we date this quote?), “愈遥远愈想你”, 郭之仪 (lyrics), 郭之仪 (music)‎^[1]performed by 卓勤培:
  
  這到底是什日子 [Hokkien, trad.]
  这到底是什日子 [Hokkien, simp.]
  che tàu-té sī siáⁿ li̍t-chí [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
  What day is this actually?

References

“什”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “什”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 208.

Japanese

Kanji

什

(Hyōgai kanji)

(financial, obsolete) ten

Readings

Go-on: じゅう (jū)^{←じふ (zifu, historical)}
Kan-on: しゅう (shū)^{←しふ (sifu, historical)}
Kun: くみ (kumi, 什)、とお (tō, 什)^{←とを (towo, 什, historical)}、まじる (majiru, 什じる)

Korean

Hanja

什 • (sip, jip) (hangeul 십, 집, revised sip, jip, McCune–Reischauer sip, chip)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

什: Hán Nôm readings: thập, lặt, thậm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation