針

針 U+91DD, 針 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91DD ← 釜 [U+91DC] CJK Unified Ideographs 釞 → [U+91DE]

針 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+2, 10 strokes, cangjie input 金十 (CJ), four-corner 8410₀, composition ⿰釒十)

• 𭿒, 𢲥, 𰦈, 𢟙, 𣻁, 𫃋, 𢔿, 𫠍, 𣗒

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1296, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40165
• Dae Jaweon: page 1799, character 12
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4168, character 5
• Unihan data for U+91DD

trad.		針/鍼
simp.		针/𰾗
usage of 𰾗 in Simplified Chinese is limited to personal names.

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kjum, *kjums): semantic 釒 (“metal”) + phonetic 十 (OC *ɡjub).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-qəp (“needle”); compare Tibetan ཁབ (khab), Burmese အပ် (ap) (STEDT under PTB *k-ra(p/m); Hill, 2017). See also 簪 (OC *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm, “hairpin”), 譖 (OC *ʔsrums, “to accuse, slander”) (STEDT).

針

1. (countable) needle (Classifier: 根 m; 枚 m; 枝 c mn; 眼 c)

   alt. forms: 箴 (zhēn)

2. needle-like object; pin; brooch; hand (of a clock or watch); tack

   時針／时针  ―  shízhēn  ―  hour hand

   指南針／指南针  ―  zhǐnánzhēn  ―  compass

3. injection

   打針／打针  ―  dǎzhēn  ―  to give or receive an injection

   防疫針／防疫针  ―  fángyìzhēn  ―  vaccination

   流感針／流感针 [Cantonese]  ―  lau⁴ gam² zam¹ [Jyutping]  ―  flu shot

   荷爾蒙針／荷尔蒙针 [Cantonese]  ―  ho⁶ ji⁵ mung⁴ zam¹ [Jyutping]  ―  hormone injection

4. acupuncture
5. to poke; to sting
6. (Cantonese) to pick on; to aim at someone personally
7. (Cantonese) spy; informer; probe (Classifier: 條／条 c)
8. Classifier for the number of injections.
9. Classifier for the number of stitches.

Others:

• → Bouyei: jiml (“needle”)
• → Proto-Mien: *simᴬ (“needle”)
• → Proto-Tai: *qemᴬ (“needle”)
  • Northern Tai
    • Nong Zhuang: chaem
    • Tai Do: hểm
    • Zhuang: caemz
  • Central Tai
    • Tày: khêm
  • Southwestern Tai
    • Thai: เข็ม (kěm)
    • Lao: ເຂັມ (khem)
    • Lü: ᦃᦲᧄ (ẋiim)
    • Tai Dam: ꪹꪄꪸꪣ
    • Shan: ၶဵမ် (khǎem)
    • Tai Nüa: ᥑᥥᥛᥴ (xém), ᥔᥥᥛᥴ (sém)
    • Ahom: 𑜁𑜢𑜉𑜫 (khim)
• → Proto-Vietic: *kiːm
  • Middle Vietnamese: kim
    • Vietnamese: kim
  • Muong: kim
• → Vietnamese: găm
• → Zhuang: cim (“needle”)

• “針”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)}
• Kun: はり (hari, 針, Jōyō)、さす (sasu, 針す)、ぬう (nuu, 針う)^{←ぬふ (nufu, 針ふ, historical)}

Kanji in this term
針
はり Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
鉤 鈎

⟨pari⟩ → /ɸaɾi/ → /haɾi/

From Old Japanese 針 (pari).

• (Tokyo) はり [háꜜrì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ha̠ɾʲi]

針(はり) • (hari) 

1. a sewing needle
2. a sewing pin
3. any slender, pointed object resembling or similar in use to a needle:
   1. a phonograph needle (in record players)
      • 1935 March 13, 日伯新聞 (Nippaku Shinbun) [Nippo-Brazilian Newspaper]‎^[2], number 926, page 1:

        蓄(ちく)音(おん)器(き)はコロムビア！レコードもコロムビア！針(はり)も勿(もち)論(ろん)コロムビア！

        Chikuonki wa Koromubia! Rekōdo mo Koromubia! Hari mo mochiron Koromubia!

        If it's a record player, choose Columbia! If it's records, choose Columbia! And if it's needles, of course, choose Columbia!

   2. a needle used in medical injections
   3. a knitting needle
   4. a stinger (in insects)
   5. a staple (wire fastener)
      • 2009, “わたしの恋はホッチキス [My Love is a Stapler]”, in Emi Inaba (lyrics), Miki Fujisue (music), Hōkago Tea Time, performed by Hōkago Tea Time:

        はじまりだけは　軽(かる)いノリで　しらないうちに　あつくなって　もう針(はり)がなんだか通(とお)らない

        hajimari dake wa karui nori de shiranai uchi ni atsukunatte mō hari ga nandaka tōranai

        At first I started lightly, but before I knew it, it got so thick the staples won't go through anymore

   6. a thorn
   7. (fishing) a hook, fishhook
4. (by extension) a hand or pointer (in clocks, watches, meters, compasses, etc.)

   時(と)計(けい)の針(はり)は３(さん)時(じ)を指(さ)しています。

   Tokei no hari wa san-ji o sashiteimasu.

   The clock's hand is pointing to 3 o'clock.

5. embroidery, needlework
6. (figurative) malice

• 針(はり)を含(ふく)む (hari o fukumu)

針(はり) • (-hari) 

1. counter for stitches

針(はり) • (Hari) 

1. a placename
2. a surname

/ɕim/ → /ɕimʉ/ → /ɕiɴ/

From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyim|tsyimH).

針(しん) • (shin) 

1. sewing needle
2. alternative spelling of 鍼 (shin): acupuncture
3. pointed beam

• 頂(ちょう)門(もん)の一(いっ)針(しん) (chōmon no isshin)

From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyim).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	짐 (Yale: cìm)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3]	바ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (Yale: pànól)	침 (Yale: chìm)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰim]
• Phonetic hangul: [침]

Wikisource

針 (eumhun 바늘 침 (baneul chim))

1. hanja form^? of 침 (“needle (used in sewing)”) [noun]
2. hanja form^? of 침 (“needle-like object (any slender, pointy object resembling a needle)”) [noun]
3. alternative form of 鍼 (“hanja form^? of 침 (“needle (used in acupuncture)”)”)

From Middle Chinese 針 (MC tsyimH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	짐〮 (Yale: cím)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰi(ː)m]
• Phonetic hangul: [침(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

針 (eumhun 바느질할 침 (baneujilhal chim))

1. hanja form^? of 침 (“sewing; needlework”) [affix]

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

• Kun: ぱイ゚ (paz, 針)

Cognate with Japanese 針 (hari).

• (Nakachi, Irabu) IPA^(key): /paz̩/

針(ぱイ゚) (paz) 

1. needle

• Tomihama, Sadayoshi (富浜定吉) (2013) 宮古伊良部方言辞典 [Miyako Irabu Dialect Dictionary], Naha (那覇市): Okinawa Times (沖縄タイムス社), →ISBN, page 531

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

• Kun: はーい (hāi, 針)

Kanji in this term
針
はーい Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese 針 (hari).

• (Shuri-Naha) はあい [hàáí] (Heiban - [0])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [haːi]

針(はーい) (hāi) 

1. a needle used in sewing or other forms of embroidery

• “はーい【針・鍼】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

針 (pari) (kana はり)

1. a needle used in embroidery
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 12, poem 2982:

     針者有杼妹之無者將著哉跡吾乎令煩絕紐之緖

     pari pa aredo₂ imo si nake₁reba tuke₂me₂ ya to₂ ware wo nayamasi tayuru pi₁mo no₂ wo

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 4128:

     久佐麻久良多比乃於伎奈等於母保之天波里曾多麻敞流奴波牟物能毛賀

     kusamakura tabi₁ no oki₁na to₂ omoposite pari so₂ tamape₁ru nupamu mono₂ moga

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• Japanese: 針, 鍼 (hari)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

針 (paru) (kana はる)

1. (regional, Central Eastern Old Japanese) a needle used in embroidery
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4420:

     久佐麻久良多妣乃麻流禰乃比毛多要婆安我弖等都氣呂許禮乃波流母志

     kusamakura tabi₁ no₂ marune no₂ pi₁mo tayeba aga te to₂ tuke₂ro₂ ko₂re no₂ paru mosi

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

針: Hán Nôm readings: châm, chăm, chảm, găm, kim, trâm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.