簪

簪	U+7C2A, 簪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C2A

← 簩
[U+7C29]

CJK Unified Ideographs

簫 →
[U+7C2B]

Translingual

Han character

簪 (Kangxi radical 118, 竹+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹一山日 (HMUA), four-corner 8860₁, composition ⿱𥫗朁)

Derived characters

𡅎𢹽𣠱𨇸

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 900, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26558
Dae Jaweon: page 1326, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3014, character 7
Unihan data for U+7C2A

Chinese

trad.		簪
simp. ^#		簪
alternative forms		兂簮篸／𥮾𥯓𦻳兂簮篸／𥮾𥯓𦻳𥸢𬖂𮆪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 簪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (兓) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
簪	ʔsɯːm, ʔsrɯm
撍	ʔsluːm, ʔsluːmʔ, ʔsluːms, ʔsrum
鐕	*ʔsluːm
憯	sʰluːmʔ, sʰlɯːmʔ
噆	sʰluːmʔ, ʔsluːb
朁	sʰlɯːmʔ, zlam
蠶	*zluːm
蚕	zluːm, hl'iːnʔ
糣	*sluːmʔ
熸	*ʔslom
鬵	zlam, zɯm, *ljɯm
灊	zlam, zɯm, *ljɯm
潛	zlom, zloms
僭	*ʔslɯːms
兓	*sl'ɯm
嶜	*zlum
兂	*ʔsrɯm
譖	*ʔsrums

Etymology

Compare perhaps 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums, “needle”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zān, zēn (zan¹, zen¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄗㄢ, ㄗㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): châm

(Hailu, HRS): zam^ˋ
Eastern Min (BUC): căng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zang¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): cham / chiam / chim

(Teochew, Peng'im): zam¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsoe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zān
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zan
  - Wade–Giles: tsan¹
  - Yale: dzān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzan
  - Palladius: цзань (czanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sän⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄗㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zen
  - Wade–Giles: tsên¹
  - Yale: dzēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzen
  - Palladius: цзэнь (czɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zaam¹
  - Yale: jāam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châm
  - Hakka Romanization System: zam^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zam¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sam²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: zam^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sam⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: căng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zang¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cham
  - Tâi-lô: tsam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
  - Tâi-lô: tsiam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chim
  - Tâi-lô: tsim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cym
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sim⁴⁴/

Note:

cham/chiam - vernacular;
chim - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zam¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsam
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sam³³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsoe
  - MiniDict: tsoe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sø⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tsrim, tsom

Rime
Character	簪	簪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	側吟切	作含切
Baxter	tsrim	tsom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠiɪm/	/t͡sʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚim/	/t͡səm/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃiem/	/t͡sɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂjim/	/t͡səm/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃjəm/	/t͡sᴀm/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃĭĕm/	/t͡sɒm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂi̯əm/	/t͡săm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēn	zān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam¹	zaam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.tsˤ[ə]m/, /*tsr[ə]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsɯːm/, /*ʔsrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	簪	簪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zān	zān
Middle Chinese	‹ tsom ›	‹ tsrim ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.tsˁ[ə]m/	/*tsr[ə]m/
English	hairpin	hairpin
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	簪	簪
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6694	6721
Phonetic component	兓	兓
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime		旡
Old Chinese	/*ʔsɯːm/	/*ʔsrɯm/
Notes		說文同兂俗體

Definitions

簪

hairpin; clasp
to wear in one's hair

Compounds

刈蓍遺簪 / 刈蓍遗簪
墮珥遺簪 / 堕珥遗簪
戶列簪纓 / 户列簪缨
扁簪
投簪
抽簪
持橐簪筆 / 持橐簪笔
插頭簪 / 插头簪
木簪
玉簪
瓶墜簪折 / 瓶坠簪折
盍簪
碧玉簪
竊簪之臣 / 窃簪之臣
簪子 (zānzi)
簪珥
簪笏
簪筆 / 簪笔
簪筆磬折 / 簪笔磬折
簪簪
簪紱 / 簪绂
簪組 / 簪组
簪纓 / 簪缨
簪纓世胄 / 簪缨世胄
簪纓縉紳 / 簪缨缙绅
簪纓門第 / 簪缨门第
簪花
缾沉簪折 / 瓶沉簪折
美女簪花
華簪 / 华簪
蓍簪不忘
衣簪
遺簪墮履 / 遗簪堕履
遺簪墜屨 / 遗簪坠屦
金簪
銀簪 / 银簪
頭髮簪 / 头发簪
髮簪 / 发簪 (fàzān)
鳳簪 / 凤簪

Japanese

Kanji

簪

(Hyōgai kanji)

ornamental hairpin

Readings

Go-on: しん (shin)^{←しむ (simu, historical)}、そん (son)^{←そむ (somu, historical)}
Kan-on: さん (san)^{←さむ (samu, historical)}、しん (shin)^{←しむ (simu, historical)}
Kun: かんざし (kanzashi, 簪)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
簪
かんざし Hyōgai

Alternative spellings
髪挿鈿釵

/kamusaɕi/ → /kanzaɕi/

Originally a compound of 髪 (kamu, “hair, hair of the head”, Old Japanese combining form) +‎ 挿し (sashi, “sticker-through (something that sticks through)”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 挿す sasu “to stick through, to insert”).^[1]^[2] The sashi changes to zashi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かんざし [kàńzáshí] (Heiban – [0])^[3]^[2]
IPA^(key): [kã̠nd͡za̠ɕi]

Noun

簪(かんざし) • (kanzashi)

a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles

Usage notes

This is most commonly spelled in kanji as 簪 or in kana as かんざし.

The alternative kanji spellings are attested, but seldom used in modern Japanese.

Derived terms

雛(ヒナ)の簪(カンザシ) (hinanokanzashi)

References

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

簪 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

簪: Hán Nôm readings: trâm, trám, trắm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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[2]

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