吟

See also: 呤
吟 U+541F, 吟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541F
← 吞
[U+541E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吠 →
[U+5420]

Translingual

Han character

吟 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口人戈弓 (ROIN), four-corner 68027, composition ⿰口今)

Derived characters

  • 荶, 𡷧, 𫕖, 𠤾, 𣵴, 𦛽, 𥆽, 𪑑, 𩒻

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 177, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3330
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 591, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+541F

Chinese

trad. 吟
simp. # 吟
alternative forms 唫
訡
噖
䪩
㕂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 吟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms): semantic 口 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 吟 吟
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 侵 (140) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 魚金切 宜禁切
Baxter ngim ngimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠiɪm/ /ŋˠiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚim/ /ŋᵚimH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiem/ /ŋiemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋjim/ /ŋjimH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋjəm/ /ŋjəmH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭĕm/ /ŋĭĕmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯əm/ /ŋi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yín yìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngam4 ngam6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吟
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/
English chant, intone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吟 吟
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6618 6620
Phonetic
component 		今 今
Rime
group 		侵 侵
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋɡrɯm/ /*ŋɡrɯms/

Definitions

吟

  1. to recite; to chant
  2. to groan
  3. (literature) a type of poetry
  4. (of animals) to cry; to call

Compounds

  • 低吟 (dīyín)
  • 匣裡龍吟 / 匣里龙吟
  • 叉手吟
  • 吟吟沉沉
  • 吟味 (yínwèi)
  • 吟哦 (yín'é)
  • 吟唱 (yínchàng)
  • 吟嘯 / 吟啸
  • 吟壇 / 吟坛
  • 吟沉
  • 吟猱
  • 吟社
  • 吟籟 / 吟籁
  • 吟蛩
  • 吟詠 / 吟咏 (yínyǒng)
  • 吟詠性情 / 吟咏性情
  • 吟詠情性 / 吟咏情性
  • 吟詩 / 吟诗 (yínshī)
  • 吟詩作對 / 吟诗作对 (yínshī zuò duì)
  • 吟誦 / 吟诵 (yínsòng)
  • 吟遊詩人 / 吟游诗人 (yínyóushīrén)
  • 吟風弄月 / 吟风弄月
  • 吟風詠月 / 吟风咏月
  • 呻吟 (shēnyín)
  • 哀吟
  • 噤吟
  • 擁鼻吟 / 拥鼻吟
  • 梁父吟
  • 歌吟
  • 沉吟 (chényín)
  • 沉吟章句
  • 清吟小班
  • 清謳微吟 / 清讴微吟
  • 無病呻吟 / 无病呻吟 (wúbìngshēnyín)
  • 狂吟老監 / 狂吟老监
  • 獨吟 / 独吟
  • 白頭吟 / 白头吟
  • 笑吟吟 (xiàoyínyín)
  • 莊舄越吟 / 庄舄越吟
  • 虎嘯龍吟 / 虎啸龙吟
  • 蛙鼓蟲吟 / 蛙鼓虫吟
  • 行吟
  • 行吟坐詠 / 行吟坐咏
  • 謳吟 / 讴吟
  • 返吟復吟 / 返吟复吟
  • 遊子吟 / 游子吟
  • 長吟 / 长吟
  • 龍吟 / 龙吟
  • 龍吟虎嘯 / 龙吟虎啸

References

Japanese

Kanji

吟

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to recite; to chant
  2. to moan

Readings

  • Go-on: ごん (gon)←ごん (gon, historical)←ごむ (gomu, ancient)
  • Kan-on: ぎん (gin, Jōyō)←ぎん (gin, historical)←ぎむ (gimu, ancient)
  • On: きん (kin)、こん (kon)
  • Kun: うたう (utau, 吟う)←うたふ (utafu, 吟ふ, historical)、なく (naku, 吟く)、ぎんじる (ginjiru, 吟じる)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource

吟 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Han character

吟 (transliteration needed)

  1. Nôm form of gằm.

References

  • Dương Nhật Thanh, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[2] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

Han character

吟: Hán Việt readings: ngâm (魚(ngư)音(âm)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
吟: Nôm readings: ngẫm[1][2][3][4], ngậm[1][2][3][4], ngâm[1][2][3], cầm[1][2], ngắm[1][3], gầm[1][3], gặm[3][4], gẫm[3][4], ngăm[3][4], ngăn[3][4], câm[1], căm[1], cằm[1], ngầm[1], ngẩm[3], ngợm[3]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngâm (“to recite; to read in a singing voice”)

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Hồ (1976).
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