黔
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Translingual
Han character
黔 (Kangxi radical 203, 黑+4, 16 strokes, cangjie input 田火人戈弓 (WFOIN), four-corner 68327, composition ⿰黑今)
Derived characters
- 𭌘
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1519, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48056
- Dae Jaweon: page 2052, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4744, character 19
- Unihan data for U+9ED4
Chinese
| trad. | 黔 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 黔 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 黔 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
| 嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
| 僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
| 酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
| 馠 | *qʰɯːm |
| 谽 | *qʰɯːm |
| 唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
| 含 | *ɡɯːm |
| 肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 筨 | *ɡɯːm |
| 梒 | *ɡɯːm |
| 鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
| 莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
| 琀 | *ɡɯːms |
| 浛 | *ɡɯːms |
| 盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
| 韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
| 玪 | *krɯːm |
| 妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
| 欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
| 黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 鈐 | *ɡram |
| 鳹 | *ɡram |
| 雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 念 | *nɯːms |
| 梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
| 枔 | *sɢrɯm |
| 岑 | *sɡrɯm |
| 笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
| 涔 | *sɡrɯm |
| 侺 | *ɡjɯms |
| 今 | *krɯm |
| 黅 | *krɯm |
| 衿 | *krɯm |
| 衾 | *kʰrɯm |
| 坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 搇 | *kʰrɯms |
| 琴 | *ɡrɯm |
| 禽 | *ɡrɯm |
| 芩 | *ɡrɯm |
| 庈 | *ɡrɯm |
| 耹 | *ɡrɯm |
| 靲 | *ɡrɯm |
| 擒 | *ɡrɯm |
| 檎 | *ɡrɯm |
| 紟 | *ɡrɯms |
| 吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
| 訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
| 陰 | *qrɯm |
| 霠 | |
| 飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
| 蔭 | *qrɯms |
| 廕 | *qrɯms |
| 矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡram, *ɡrɯm): semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm)
Etymology
Perhaps an areal word related to Longzhou Zhuang kʰam¹ ("cloudy; dark"), Proto-Katuic *koom (“black”) (Schuessler, 2007). See also 黮 and 紺.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kim4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): kièng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): king2
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qián
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cián
- Wade–Giles: chʻien2
- Yale: chyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
- Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kim4
- Yale: kìhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: kim4
- Guangdong Romanization: kim4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiːm²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiàm
- Hakka Romanization System: kiamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiam2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kiam
- Sinological IPA: /kʰiam⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: king2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kíng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: king2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiâm
- Tâi-lô: khiâm
- Phofsit Daibuun: qiaam
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiam¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /kʰiam²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khâm
- Tâi-lô: khâm
- Phofsit Daibuun: qaam
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kʰam²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- khiâm - literary;
- khâm - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kim5 / ngim5 / kam5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khîm / ngîm / khâm
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰim⁵⁵/, /ŋim⁵⁵/, /kʰam⁵⁵/
Note:
- kim5/ngim5 - literary (ngim5 - alternative pronunciation);
- kam5 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: gim, gjem
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)[o]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡram/, /*ɡrɯm/
Definitions
黔
- (literary) black
- (obsolete) to blacken by tanning or exposure to smoke
- 夫鵠不日浴而白，烏不日黔而黑。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Fū hú bù rì yù ér bái, wū bù rì qián ér hēi. [Pinyin]
- The snow-goose does not bathe every day to make itself white, nor the crow blacken itself every day to make itself black.
夫鹄不日浴而白，乌不日黔而黑。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (～州) Name of a prefecture in ancient China now located in Chongqing and Guizhou.
- short for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”)
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 黑 (“black”) [map]
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
黔
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
黔 • (geom, geum) (hangeul 검, 금, revised geom, geum, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, kŭm, Yale kem, kum)
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Vietnamese
Han character
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