三十

Chinese

	three	ten
simp. and trad. (三十)	三	十
alternative forms	參拾／参拾 financial 弎拾 financial; obsolete
anagram	十三

**Chinese cardinal numbers**
< 29	30	31 >
Cardinal : 三十 (sānshí)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): sānshí

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄢㄕˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): san¹ si²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): саншы (sanšɨ, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): saam¹ sap⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sâm-sṳ̍p

(Hailu, HRS): sam^ˋ shib^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): sam¹ seb⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): săng-sĕk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sor¹ seh⁷ / sornn¹ seh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): saⁿ-cha̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): san¹ zab⁸
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹se-zeq₈ / ¹se-seq₇
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): san¹ shr⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sānshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄢㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sanshíh
  - Wade–Giles: san¹-shih²
  - Yale: sān-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sanshyr
  - Palladius: саньши (sanʹši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sän⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: san¹ si²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sans
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /san⁵⁵ sz̩²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: саншы (sanšɨ, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sæ̃²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saam¹ sap⁶
  - Yale: sāam sahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saam¹ sap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sam¹ seb⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm⁵⁵ sɐp̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sâm-sṳ̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: sam^ˊ siib
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sam¹ sib⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sam²⁴⁻¹¹ sɨp̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: sam^ˋ shib^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /sam⁵³ ʃip²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sam¹ seb⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /sam⁴⁴ səp̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: săng-sĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵ ^(s-)nɛiʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sor¹ seh⁷ [Phonetic: sor⁵ leh⁷]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: so̤ⁿ-se̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɒ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^(ɬ-)lɛʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sornn¹ seh⁷ [Phonetic: sornn⁵ leh⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɒ̃⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^(ɬ-)lɛʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: saⁿ-cha̍p
  - Tâi-lô: sann-tsa̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svazap
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sã³³ t͡sap̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sap̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sap̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: san¹ zab⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: saⁿ tsa̍p
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sã³³⁻²³ t͡sap̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹se-zeq₈
  - MiniDict: se^平 zeh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-zeq₅
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ zəʔ²¹/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹se-seq₇
  - MiniDict: se^平 seh^入
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /se⁴⁴ səʔ/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: san¹ shr⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /san³³ ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /san³³ sz̩²⁴/

Middle Chinese: sam dzyip

Rime
Character	三	十
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	蘇甘切	是執切
Baxter	sam	dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sɑm/	/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sam/	/d͡ʑip̚/
Li Rong	/sɑm/	/ʑiəp̚/
Wang Li	/sɑm/	/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/sɑm/	/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sān	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam¹	sap⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.rum t.[ɡ]əp/

(Zhengzhang): /*suːm ɡjub/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	三	十
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sān	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ sam ›	‹ dzyip ›
Old Chinese	/s.rum/ (s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?)	/*t.[ɡ]əp/
English	three	ten
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	三	十
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	10963	11452
Phonetic component	三	十
Rime group	侵	緝
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	三	十
Old Chinese	/*suːm/	/*ɡjub/

Numeral

三十

thirty; 30
我昨天收到了三十多條垃圾短信。 [MSC, trad.]
我昨天收到了三十多条垃圾短信。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ zuótiān shōudào le sānshí duō tiáo lājī duǎnxìn. [Pinyin]
I received over 30 spam text messages yesterday.

Synonyms

卅 (sà)
(Cantonese, colloquial) 卅呀

Derived terms

三十一 (sānshíyī)
三十七 (sānshíqī)
三十三 (sānshísān)
三十九 (sānshíjiǔ)
三十二 (sānshí'èr)
三十五 (sānshíwǔ)
三十兒 / 三十儿 (sānshír)
三十八 (sānshíbā)
三十六 (sānshíliù)
三十六天罡 (sānshíliù tiāngāng)
三十六計 / 三十六计 (Sānshíliù Jì)
三十四 (sānshísì)
三十年戰爭 / 三十年战争 (Sānshínián Zhànzhēng)
三十年河東，三十年河西 / 三十年河东，三十年河西 (sānshí nián hé dōng, sānshí nián hé xī)
三十暗晡
三十里堡 (Sānshílǐpù)
二九三十
大年三十 (dànián sānshí)
年三十 (niánsānshí)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (三十):

→ Japanese: 三十(さんじゅう) (sanjū)
→ Korean: 삼십(三十) (samsip)

Japanese

**Japanese cardinal numbers**
< 29	30	31 >
Cardinal : 三十

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
三	十
さん Grade: 1	じゅう Grade: 1
on'yomi

*/sanzipu/ → /sanʑifu/ → /sanʑiu/ → /sand͡ʑuː/

From Middle Chinese 三十 (MC sam dzyip). Analyzable as 三 (san, “three”) + 十 (jū, “ten”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さんじゅう [sáꜜǹjùù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sã̠ɲ̟d͡ʑɨː]

Noun

三(さん)十(じゅう) • (sanjū) ^{←さんじふ (sanzifu)^?}

thirty

Derived terms

うかうか三十きょろきょろ四十

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
三	十
み Grade: 1	そ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨mi₁so₁⟩ → /miso/

From Old Japanese. Compound of 三 (mi, “three”) +‎ 十 (so, “ten”).^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mʲiso̞]

Noun

三(み)十(そ) • (miso)

thirty

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
三	十
Grade: 1	Grade: 1
irregular

For pronunciation and definitions of 三十 – see the following entry.

【みそち】

[noun] (obsolete) thirty

[noun] (obsolete) thirty years of age

Alternative spellings
三十歳, 三十路

(This term, 三十, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
三	十
Grade: 1	Grade: 1
irregular

For pronunciation and definitions of 三十 – see the following entry.

【みそじ】

[noun] (uncommon) thirty

[noun] (uncommon) thirty years of age

Alternative spellings
三十歳, 三十路

(This term, 三十, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
三	十

Numeral

三十 • (samsip) (hangeul 삼십)

hanja form^? of 삼십 (“thirty”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[1]

[2]