十九

Chinese

	ten	nine
simp. and trad. (十九)	十	九
alternative forms	拾玖 financial
anagram	九十

**Chinese cardinal numbers**
< 18	19	20 >
Cardinal : 十九 (shíjiǔ)

Etymology

十 (shí) +‎ 九 (jiǔ).

“umpteen”: See 濕鳩／湿鸠.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shíjiǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): si² jiu³

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шыҗю (šɨži͡u, I-II)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sap⁶ gau²

(Taishan, Wiktionary): sip⁵ giu²
Gan (Wiktionary): siit⁷ jiu³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ̍p-kiú

(Hailu, HRS): shib^ˋ giu^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): seb⁶ giu³
Jin (Wiktionary): seh⁵ jiou²
Northern Min (KCR): sí-giǔ
Eastern Min (BUC): sĕk-gāu
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): seh⁷ gao³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): cha̍p-káu

(Teochew, Peng'im): zab⁸ gao²
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zeq-cieu
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): shr⁶ jiou³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shíjiǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shíhjiǒu
  - Wade–Giles: shih²-chiu³
  - Yale: shŕ-jyǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrjeou
  - Palladius: шицзю (šiczju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: si² jiu³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sgiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²¹ t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шыҗю (šɨži͡u, I-II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕiou⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sap⁶ gau²
  - Yale: sahp gáu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sap⁹ gau²
  - Guangdong Romanization: seb⁶ geo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐp̚² kɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: sip⁵ giu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sip̚³² kiu⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: siit⁷ jiu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɨt̚² t͡ɕiu²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̍p-kiú
  - Hakka Romanization System: siib giu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sib⁶ giu³
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨp̚⁵ ki̯u³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shib^ˋ giu^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃip² kiu²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: seb⁶ giu³
  - Sinological IPA: /səp̚⁵ kiu³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: seh⁵ jiou²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /səʔ⁵⁴⁻² t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sí-giǔ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /si⁵⁴ kiu²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sĕk-gāu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛiʔ⁵⁻³³ kau³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: seh⁷ gao³ [Phonetic: seh⁶ gao³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: se̍h-gâu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛʔ⁴⁻²¹ kau⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: seh⁷ gao³ [Phonetic: seh⁶ gao³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɛʔ⁴⁻² kau³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍p-káu
  - Tâi-lô: tsa̍p-káu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zabkao
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sap̚²⁴⁻² kau⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sap̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kau⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻³² kau⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zab⁸ gao²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsa̍p káu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sap̚⁴⁻² kau⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸zeq-cieu
  - MiniDict: zeh^入 cieu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq-jieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹¹ t͡ɕiɤ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: shr⁶ jiou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂʐ̩²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sz̩²⁴ t͡ɕi̯əu̯⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: dzyip kjuwX

Rime
Character	十	九
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	是執切	舉有切
Baxter	dzyip	kjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/	/kɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/	/kiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/	/kiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/	/kuw^X/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/	/kiu^X/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/	/kĭəu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/	/ki̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	jiǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap⁶	gau²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t.[ɡ]əp [k]uʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡjub kuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	十	九
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí	jiǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyip ›	‹ kjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*t.[ɡ]əp/	/*[k]uʔ/
English	ten	nine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	十	九
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11452	6941
Phonetic component	十	九
Rime group	緝	幽
Rime subdivision	3	1
Corresponding MC rime	十	久
Old Chinese	/*ɡjub/	/*kuʔ/

Numeral

十九

nineteen; 19

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (十九):

→ Japanese: 十九(じゅうきゅう) (jūkyū)
→ Korean: 십구(十九) (sipgu)

Noun

十九

nine tenth; the majority
alt. forms: 什九, 拾玖

Determiner

十九

(Cantonese) umpteen
十九幾個／十九几个 [Cantonese] ― sap⁶ gau² gei² go³ [Jyutping] ― umpteen amount(s) of
- 1993, Flirting Scholar, Stephen Chow (actor):
  
  對對就本為消閒作樂，今日穿腸兄居然對對對到嘔十九幾兩血，可謂曠古鑠今，小弟拜服拜服！ [Cantonese, trad.]
  对对就本为消闲作乐，今日穿肠兄居然对对对到呕十九几两血，可谓旷古铄今，小弟拜服拜服！ [Cantonese, simp.]
  deoi³ deoi^3-2 zau⁶ bun² wai⁴ siu¹ haan⁴ zok³ lok⁶, gam¹ jat⁶ cyun¹ coeng⁴ hing¹ geoi¹ jin⁴ deoi³ deoi^3-2 deoi³ dou³ au² sap⁶ gau² gei² loeng^5-2 hyut³, ho² wai⁶ kwong³ gu² lik¹ gam¹, siu² dai⁶ baai³ fuk⁶ baai³ fuk⁶! [Jyutping]
  Writing couplets is originally only a form of entertainment, but today Mr. Chuen Cheung is vomiting umpteen amount of blood for it. This is so unprecedented, I admire you!

Japanese

**Japanese cardinal numbers**
< 18	19	20 >
Cardinal : 十九

Kanji in this term
十	九
じゅう Grade: 1	きゅう Grade: 1
on'yomi

Kanji in this term
十	九
じゅう Grade: 1	く Grade: 1
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じゅうきゅう [jùúkyúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨːkʲɨː]

(Tokyo) じゅうく [júꜜùkù] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑɨːkɯ̟]

Numeral

十(じゅう)九(きゅう) or 十(じゅう)九(く) • (jūkyū or jūku)

nineteen; 19

Coordinate terms

Japanese numbers
Number	Kanji	Kana	Romaji
0	零	れい、ゼロ	rei, zero
1	一、壱、弌、壹	いち	ichi
2	二、弐、貳、貮	に	ni
3	三、参	さん	san
4	四、肆	よん、し	yon, shi
5	五、伍	ご	go
6	六、陸	ろく	roku
7	七、漆	なな、しち	nana, shichi
8	八、捌	はち	hachi
9	九、玖	きゅう、く	kyū, ku
10	十、拾	じゅう	jū
100	百、陌、佰	ひゃく	hyaku
1,000	千、阡、仟	せん	sen
10,000	一万、万、一萬、萬	いちまん、まん	ichiman, man
100,000,000	一億、億	いちおく、おく	ichioku, oku

Korean

Hanja in this term
十	九

Numeral

十九 • (sipgu) (hangeul 십구)

hanja form^? of 십구 (“nineteen”)