漆

See also: 柒

漆	U+6F06, 漆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F06

← 漅
[U+6F05]

CJK Unified Ideographs

漇 →
[U+6F07]

Translingual

Han character

漆 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 水木人水 (EDOE), four-corner 3413₂, composition ⿰氵桼)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 644, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18108
Dae Jaweon: page 1053, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1716, character 9
Unihan data for U+6F06

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (桼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
漆	*sʰiɡ
桼	*sʰiɡ
膝	*siɡ
厀	*siɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰiɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ, “resin used to make varnish”). From earlier 桼 (OC *sʰiɡ, “varnish; lacquer”).

Etymology 1

trad.		漆
simp. ^#		漆
2nd round simp.		㲺
alternative forms		桼溙

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-tsəj (“medicine; juice; paint”). Cognate with Jingpho tsì (“medicine”), Tibetan རྩི (rtsi, “juice; fluid; paint”), Burmese ဆေး (hce:, “medicine; potion; poison; paint”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qī, qù (qi¹, qu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ, ㄑㄩˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): cat¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): tit²
Gan (Wiktionary): qit⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhit

(Meixian, Guangdong): qid⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): qieh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): chă̤
Eastern Min (BUC): chék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhat / chhit

(Teochew, Peng'im): cag⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷chiq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qī
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ci
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi¹
  - Yale: chī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qù
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyù
  - Wade–Giles: chʻü⁴
  - Yale: chyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuh
  - Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: qi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ki
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cat¹
  - Yale: chāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ced¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐt̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: tit²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰit̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qit⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰit̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhit
  - Hakka Romanization System: qid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰit̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰit̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chă̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhat
  - Tâi-lô: tshat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhad
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhit
  - Tâi-lô: tshit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chid
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰit̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰit̚³²/

Note:

chhat - vernacular (“paint; to paint”);
chhit - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: cag⁴
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshak
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰak̚²/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷chiq
  - MiniDict: chih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴qiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: qi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

Middle Chinese: tshit

Rime
Character	漆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	親吉切
Baxter	tshit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰit̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cat¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]i[t]/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰiɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	漆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ tshit ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]i[t]/
English	varnish tree
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	漆
Reading #	1/1
No.	9926
Phonetic component	桼
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	七
Old Chinese	/*sʰiɡ/

Definitions

漆

lacquer tree; varnish tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)
paint; lacquer; varnish
to paint; to varnish
(literary) black; dark
Name of several rivers.
a surname

Synonyms

(lacquer tree): 漆樹／漆树 (qīshù)
(to paint): 塗漆／涂漆 (túqī)

Compounds

一團漆黑 / 一团漆黑 (yītuánqīhēi)
亮光漆
亮漆
似漆如膠 / 似漆如胶
吞炭漆身
噴漆 / 喷漆 (pēnqī)
噴漆器 / 喷漆器
填漆
夜光漆
大漆
如膠似漆 / 如胶似漆 (rújiāosìqī)
如膠如漆 / 如胶如漆
如膠投漆 / 如胶投漆
底漆 (dǐqī)
建漆
朱漆 (zhūqī)
柿漆
楚漆器
歙漆阿膠 / 歙漆阿胶
水泥漆
水粉漆
油漆 (yóuqī)
油漆匠
洋乾漆 / 洋干漆
漆匠
漆器 (qīqì)
漆器雕
漆宅
漆工
漆布
漆料
漆書 / 漆书 (qīshū)
漆桶底脫 / 漆桶底脱
漆樹 / 漆树 (qīshù)
漆毒疹
漆畫 / 漆画
漆皮
漆皮兒 / 漆皮儿
漆砂硯 / 漆砂砚
漆身吞炭
漆黑
漆黑一團 / 漆黑一团 (qīhēiyītuán)
火漆 (huǒqī)
烤漆 (kǎoqī)
瓷漆
生漆 (shēngqī)
目似點漆 / 目似点漆
眼若點漆 / 眼若点漆
磨漆畫 / 磨漆画
罩漆
膠漆 / 胶漆 (jiāoqī)
膠漆之情 / 胶漆之情
膠漆相投 / 胶漆相投
膠漆相融 / 胶漆相融
蟲漆 / 虫漆
調合漆 / 调合漆
透明漆
金漆
金漆馬桶 / 金漆马桶
防水漆
陳雷膠漆 / 陈雷胶漆
雕漆 (diāoqī)
雕花漆彩
雷陳膠漆 / 雷陈胶漆
鬢如漆 / 鬓如漆
鬢髯如漆 / 鬓髯如漆
黑漆一團 / 黑漆一团
黑漆板凳 (hēiqī bǎndèng)
黑漆漆 (hēiqīqī)
黑漆皮燈 / 黑漆皮灯
點漆 / 点漆

Descendants

→ Iban: chat
→ Zhuang: caet

Etymology 2

trad.		漆
simp. ^#		漆

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiè (qie⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄝˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻieh⁴
  - Yale: chyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chieh
  - Palladius: це (ce)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/

Definitions

漆

only used in 漆漆

Japanese

Kanji

漆

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: しち (shichi)
Kan-on: しつ (shitsu, Jōyō)
Kun: うるし (urushi, 漆, Jōyō)
Nanori: うる (uru)

Compounds

漆器(しっき) (shikki)
漆喰(しっくい) (shikkui)
漆黒(しっこく) (shikkoku)
仮漆(かしつ) (kashitsu)
金漆(きんしつ) (kinshitsu)
膠漆(こうしつ) (kōshitsu)
黒漆(こくしつ) (kokushitsu)
彫漆(ちょうしつ) (chōshitsu)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
漆
うるし Grade: S
kun'yomi

Appears to be derived from Old Japanese root uru, as in terms such as classical Japanese 潤う (urufu) → modern 潤う (uruou, “to be moist”), うるうる (uruuru, “wetly, moistly”, adverb). Probably from the way that a lacquered surface glistens as if wet.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) うるし [ùrúshí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ɾɯ̟ɕi]

Noun

漆(うるし) or 漆(ウルシ) • (urushi)

Derived terms

木漆(きうるし) (ki-urushi)
朱漆(しゅうるし) (shu-urushi)
透漆(すきうるし) (suki-urushi)
蔦漆(ツタウルシ) (tsutaurushi)
庭漆(ニワウルシ) (niwaurushi)
山漆(ヤマウルシ) (yamaurushi)
蝋色漆(ろいろうるし) (roiro-urushi)

Descendants

⇒ English: urushiol

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

漆 (eumhun 옻 칠 (ot chil))
漆 (eumhun 일곱 칠 (ilgop chil))
漆 (eumhun 삼갈 칠 (samgal chil))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

漆: Hán Việt readings: tất^[1]

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

^ Trần (2004).

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[gdhn-2] Trần (2004).

[1]

[1]

Japanese numbers
Number	Kanji	Kana	Romaji
0	零	れい、ゼロ	rei, zero
1	一、壱、弌、壹	いち	ichi
2	二、弐、貳、貮	に	ni
3	三、参	さん	san
4	四、肆	よん、し	yon, shi
5	五、伍	ご	go
6	六、陸	ろく	roku
7	七、漆	なな、しち	nana, shichi
8	八、捌	はち	hachi
9	九、玖	きゅう、く	kyū, ku
10	十、拾	じゅう	jū
100	百、陌、佰	ひゃく	hyaku
1,000	千、阡、仟	せん	sen
10,000	一万、万、一萬、萬	いちまん、まん	ichiman, man
100,000,000	一億、億	いちおく、おく	ichioku, oku