血

See also: 皿
血 U+8840, 血
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8840
← 蠿
[U+883F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 衁 →
[U+8841]

⾎ U+2F8E, ⾎
KANGXI RADICAL BLOOD
← ⾍
[U+2F8D] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾏ →
[U+2F8F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

血 (Kangxi radical 143, 血+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹月廿 (HBT), four-corner 27100, composition ⿱丿皿)

  1. Kangxi radical #143, ⾎.

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1107, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33964
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1568, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3050, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8840

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 血
2nd round simp. ⿱丿𠀃

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 血
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侐 *qʰʷiɡs, *qʰʷɯɡ
血 *qʰʷiːɡ
恤 *sqʰʷiɡ
卹 *sqʰʷiɡ
賉 *sqʰʷiɡ
欰 *sqʰʷiɡ
洫 *qʰʷɯɡ
殈 *qʰʷeːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 一 (“drop of blood”) + 皿 (“container”) - a drop of blood inside a chalice for sacrificial uses.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-hjwəj-t (“blood”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).

Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct the Old Chinese as *m̥ˤik to account for word-family connections with 脈 (OC *C.mˤ<r>[i]k, “vein”), 衊 (OC *mˤi[k], “defiled blood”) as well as its use as a phonetic component in 侐 (OC *m̥(r)ik, “still; quiet”), which is in the same word family as 宓 (OC *mi[k], “quiet; silent”) (Sagart, 1999b; Baxter and Sagart, 2017). Sagart (1999b) argues that this word is not genetically related to the Tibeto-Burman form with *s-hjw-, but that this word has been borrowed into Tibeto-Burman.

Schuessler (2019) critiques Sagart (1999b)'s proposal that Tibeto-Burman languages all over Southeast Asia and the Himalayas in early dynastic time would and could borrow Chinese words, and Baxter and Sagart (2014)'s reconstruction 血 (OC *m̥ˤik) as resulting from "phonetic over-interpretation of graphs" and confusing etymological link with mental association between "blood" and "vein".

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hut1 - vernacular;
  • hut2 - literary.
Note:
  • háik - vernacular;
  • hiék - literary.
Note:
  • he6 - vernacular;
  • hoeh6/hyoeh6/hieh6 - literary.
Note:
  • huih/hoeh/hōe - vernacular;
  • hiat/het - literary.
Note:
  • hue7 - vernacular;
  • hieg4 - literary.
Note:
  • Chongming:
    • 7shioq - vernacular;
    • 7shioeq - literary.
    • Xiang
      • (Changsha)
        • Wiktionary: xie6
        • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯e̞²⁴/
      • (Loudi)
        • Wiktionary: xye2
        • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy̯e̞¹³/
      • (Hengyang)
        • Wiktionary: xye6
        • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy̯e̞²²/
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 血
    Mandarin Beijing /ɕiɛ²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ɕiɛ²¹³/
    /ɕyɛ²¹³/
    Tianjin /ɕie²¹/
    /ɕye²¹/
    Jinan /ɕyə²¹³/ 新
    /ɕiə²¹³/
    Qingdao /ɕiə⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ɕiɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /ɕiɛ²¹/
    Xining /ɕi⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ɕie¹³/
    Lanzhou /ɕyə¹³/
    /ɕiə¹³/
    Ürümqi /ɕiɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ɕie²¹³/
    Chengdu /ɕye³¹/
    Guiyang /ɕie²¹/
    Kunming /ɕiɛ³¹/
    Nanjing /ɕyeʔ⁵/
    Hefei /ɕyɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəʔ²/
    Pingyao /ɕyʌʔ¹³/
    Hohhot /ɕyaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɕioʔ⁵/
    /ɕyɪʔ⁵/
    Suzhou /ɕyəʔ⁵/
    Hangzhou /sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
    Wenzhou /ɕy²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ɕyeʔ²¹/
    Tunxi /ɕyɛ⁵/
    Xiang Changsha /ɕie²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ɕyæ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /ɕyɵʔ⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /hiat̚¹/
    Taoyuan /hiet̚²²/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hyt̚³/
    Nanning /hyt̚³³/
    Hong Kong /hyt̚³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hiat̚³²/
    /huiʔ³²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /haiʔ²³/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xuai²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /hueʔ²/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /hue⁵⁵/
    Rime
    Character 血
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 屑 (88)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 呼決切
    Baxter xwet
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hwet̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hʷet̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xuɛt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hwɛt̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/xuet̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/xiwet̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/xiwet̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xue
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hyut3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 血
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xuè
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xwet ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*m̥ˁik/
    English blood

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 血
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14098
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group         		質
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qʰʷiːɡ/

    Definitions

    血

    1. blood
      流血了。  ―  Liúxiě le.  ―  It's bleeding.
    2. blood relations; kinship
    3. firm; unyielding; ardent
    4. (literary) tears
    5. (video games) HP
      血量  ―  xuèliàng  ―  HP
    6. (slang, Northeastern Mandarin) very
      我這波血強。／我这波血强。  ―  Wǒ zhè bō xuě qiáng.  ―  I'm very strong now.

    Synonyms

    Dialectal synonyms of 血 (“blood”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 血, 血液
    Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 血
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 血
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 血
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 血
    Wanrong 血
    Xi'an 血
    Xining 血
    Xuzhou 血
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 血
    Lanzhou 血
    Ürümqi 血
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 血
    Wuhan 血
    Guiyang 血
    Guilin 血
    Liuzhou 血
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 血
    Yangzhou 血
    Cantonese Guangzhou 血, 蚊飯 humorous, dated
    Hong Kong 血, 蚊飯 humorous, dated
    Taishan 血
    Dongguan 血
    Gan Nanchang 血
    Lichuan 血
    Pingxiang 血
    Hakka Meixian 血
    Yudu 血
    Huizhou Jixi 血
    Jin Taiyuan 血
    Xinzhou 血
    Northern Min Jian'ou 血
    Southern Min Xiamen 血
    Quanzhou 血
    Jinjiang 血
    Penang (Hokkien) 血
    Manila (Hokkien) 血
    Haikou 血
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 血
    Wu Shanghai 血
    Shanghai (Chongming) 血
    Suzhou 血
    Danyang 血
    Hangzhou 血
    Ningbo 血
    Wenzhou 血
    Jinhua 血
    Xiang Loudi 血

    Compounds

    Descendants

    Sino-Xenic (血):
    • → Vietnamese: huyết (血)

    References

    • “血”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “血”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 230.
    • 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “血”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 186.

    Japanese

    Kanji

    血

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    • Go-on: けち (kechi)←けち (keti, historical)←くゑち (kweti, ancient)
    • Kan-on: けつ (ketsu, Jōyō)←けつ (ketu, historical)←くゑつ (kwetu, ancient)
    • Kun: ち (chi, 血, Jōyō)

    Compounds

    Etymology

    Kanji in this term
    血
    ち
    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi

    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ti.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    血(ち) • (chi) 

    1. blood

    Derived terms

    References

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 血 (MC xwet).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄒᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: hyyélq)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 피〮 (Yale: phí) 혈〮 (Yale: hyél)

    Pronunciation

    Hanja

    Wikisource

    血 (eumhun 피 혈 (pi hyeol))

    1. hanja form? of 혈 (“blood”) [affix]

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Okinawan

    Kanji

    血

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    Etymology

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *ti, from Proto-Japonic *ti. Cognate with Japanese 血 (chi).

    Noun

    血(ちー) (chī) 

    1. blood

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    血: Hán Nôm readings: huyết, hoét, tiết

    1. chữ Hán form of huyết (“blood”)

    Compounds

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