Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/təwə

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Proto-Japonic numbers (edit)
 ←  1  ←  9 10 1,000  → 
1
    Cardinal: *təwə

Etymology

Possibly cognate with Goguryeo 德 (*tək).

According to Ono (1970), related to *tawa or *təwə (“bend”) from the common hand-counting method of showing the number 10 by bending all fingers over the bent thumb, although this is rejected by Miller (1971), who instead proposed a relationship with Proto-Tungusic *ʒuban (“ten”).

However, the Altaic hypothesis is nowadays widely rejected, so the Tungusic comparison remains unlikely.

Numeral

*təwə

  1. ten

Descendants

  • Old Japanese: 十 (to2wo)
    • Japanese: 十 (tō)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *towo
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