五十

Chinese

	five	ten
simp. and trad. (五十)	五	十
alternative forms	伍拾 financial
anagram	十五

**Chinese cardinal numbers**
< 49	50	51 >
Cardinal : 五十 (wǔshí)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wǔshí

(Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄕˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wu³ si²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вушы (vušɨ, II-I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ng⁵ sap⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): m² sip⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ńg-sṳ̍p

(Hailu, HRS): ng^ˊ shib^ˋ
Northern Min (KCR): ngù-sī
Eastern Min (BUC): ngô-sĕk
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngou⁵ seh⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): gǒ͘-cha̍p / gō͘-cha̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngou⁶ zab⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ng-zeq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): u³ shr⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wǔshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wǔshíh
  - Wade–Giles: wu³-shih²
  - Yale: wǔ-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuushyr
  - Palladius: уши (uši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    五十
    午時 / 午时
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wu³ si²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: us
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vu⁵³ sz̩²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вушы (vušɨ, II-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vou⁵¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ng⁵ sap⁶
  - Yale: ńgh sahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ng⁵ sap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ng⁵ seb⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋ̍¹³ sɐp̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: m² sip⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /m̩⁵⁵ sip̚³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ńg-sṳ̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: ng^ˋ siib
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ng³ sib⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋ̍³¹ sɨp̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ng^ˊ shib^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋ²⁴⁻³³ ʃip²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngù-sī
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋu⁴² si⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngô-sĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋu²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)lɛiʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngou⁵ seh⁷ [Phonetic: ngou⁵ leh⁷]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ngō-se̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔu¹¹ ^(ɬ-)lɛʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ngou⁵ seh⁷ [Phonetic: ngou⁵ leh⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔu²¹ ^(ɬ-)lɛʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Philippines, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gǒ͘-cha̍p
  - Tâi-lô: gǒo-tsa̍p
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ²² t͡sap̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Lukang): /ɡɔ³³⁻²² t͡sap̚³⁵/
  - IPA (Philippines, Jinjiang): /ɡɔ³³⁻²² t͡sap̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Sanxia, Magong, Kinmen, Taichung, Singapore, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō͘-cha̍p
  - Tâi-lô: gōo-tsa̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goxzap
  - IPA (Taipei, Tainan): /ɡɔ³³⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /ɡɔ²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡɔ²²⁻²¹ t͡sap̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /ɡɔ²²⁻¹² t͡sap̚⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Yilan): /ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁵/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɔ³³⁻²¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngou⁶ zab⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngŏu tsa̍p
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋou³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sap̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ng-zeq
  - MiniDict: ng^去 zeh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhngg-zeq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋ̍²² zəʔ⁴⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: u³ shr⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /u⁴¹ ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /u⁴¹ sz̩²⁴/

Middle Chinese: nguX dzyip

Rime
Character	五	十
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	疑古切	是執切
Baxter	nguX	dzyip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuo^X/	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋuo^X/	/d͡ʑip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋo^X/	/d͡ʑjep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɔ^X/	/d͡ʑip̚/
Li Rong	/ŋo^X/	/ʑiəp̚/
Wang Li	/ŋu^X/	/ʑĭĕp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋuo^X/	/ʑi̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wǔ	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ng⁵	sap⁶

Numeral

五十

fifty; 50

Synonyms

(chiefly years of age) 半百 (bànbǎi)

Derived terms

五十一 (wǔshíyī)
五十七 (wǔshíqī)
五十三 (wǔshísān)
五十九 (wǔshíjiǔ)
五十二 (wǔshí'èr)
五十五 (wǔshíwǔ)
五十八 (wǔshíbā)
五十六 (wǔshíliù)
五十四 (wǔshísì)
五十步笑一百步 (wǔshí bù xiào yībǎi bù)
五十步笑百步 (wǔshí bù xiào bǎi bù)
五十肩 (wǔshíjiān)
五十音 (wǔshíyīn)
親情五十 / 亲情五十

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (五十):

→ Japanese: 五十(ごじゅう) (gojū)
→ Korean: 오십(五十) (osip)

Japanese

**Japanese cardinal numbers**
< 49	50	51 >
Cardinal : 五十

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
五	十
ご Grade: 1	じゅう Grade: 1
goon

/ɡoʑipu/ → /ɡoʑifu/ → /ɡoʑɨu/ → /ɡoʑuː/

From Middle Chinese compound 五十 (MC nguX dzyip).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ごじゅう [gòjúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡo̞ʑɨː]

Numeral

五(ご)十(じゅう) • (gojū) ^{←ごじふ (gozifu)^?}

fifty, 50

Derived terms

五(ご)十(じゅう)韻(いん) (gojūin)
五(ご)十(じゅう)腕(うで) (gojū-ude)
五(ご)十(じゅう)円(えん)貨(か)幣(へい) (gojū-en kahei)
五(ご)十(じゅう)円(えん)札(さつ) (gojū-en satsu)
五(ご)十(じゅう)円(えん)玉(だま) (gojū-endama)
五(ご)十(じゅう)音(おん) (gojūon)
五(ご)十(じゅう)肩(かた) (gojū-kata)
五(ゴ)十(ジュウ)雀(カラ) (gojūkara)
五(ご)十(じっ)間(けん) (gojikken)
- 五(ご)十(じっ)間(けん)茶(ぢゃ)屋(や) (gojikken jaya)
- 五(ご)十(じっ)間(けん)道(みち) (gojikken michi)
五(ご)十(じゅう)五(ご)刻(こく) (gojūgo-koku)
五(ご)十(じゅう)五(ご)年(ねん)体(たい)制(せい) (Gojūgo-nen Taisei)
五(ご)十(じっ)算(さん) (gojissan)
五(ご)十(じゅう)四(し)郡(ぐん) (Gojūshigun)
五(ご)十(じっ)銭(せん)銀(ぎん)貨(か)幣(へい) (gojissen ginkahei)
五(ご)十(じっ)銭(せん)札(さつ) (gojissen satsu)
五(ご)十(じゅう)蔵(ぞう) (Gojūzō)
五(ご)十(じっ)挺(ちょう)立(だ)て (gojitchōdate)
五(ご)十(じゅう)展(てん)転(てん) (Gojū Tenten)
五(ご)十(じゅう)二(に)位(い) (Gojūni I)
五(ご)十(じゅう)二(に)類(るい) (Gojūni Rui)
五(ご)十(じゅう)三(さん)次(つぎ) (Gojūsan Tsugi)
五(ご)十(じゅう)日(にち) (Gojū-nichi)
- 五(ご)十(じゅう)日(にち)鬘(かずら) (Gojū-nichi Kazura)
五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん) (gojū-nen)
五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん)忌(き) (gojū nenki)
五(ご)十(じゅう)の賀(が) (gojū no ga)
五(ご)十(じっ)パーセント致(ち)死(し)量(りょう) (gojippāsento chishi-ryō)
五(ご)十(じゅう)番(ばん)歌(うた)合(あわせ) (Gojūban Uta Awase)
五(ご)十(じっ)歩(ぽ) (gojippo)
L(エル)D(ディー)50(ごじゅう) (eru-dī-gojū)
狂(くる)う五(ご)十(じゅう)度(ど) (kuruu gojū-do)
丁(ちょう)五(ご)十(じゅう) (chōgojū)
百(ひゃく)五(ご)十(じゅう)万(まん)円(えん)の壁(かべ) (hyakugojūman-en no kabe)

Proverbs

五(ご)十(じゅう)煙草(タバコ)に百(ひゃく)酒(ざけ) (gojū tabako ni hyaku-zake)
五(ご)十(じゅう)にして四(し)十(じゅう)九年(くねん)の非(ひ)を知(し)る (gojū ni shite shijūku-nen no hi o shiru)
五(ご)十(じゅう)にして天(てん)命(めい)を知(し)る (gojū ni shite tenmei o shiru)
明日(あす)の百(ひゃく)より今日(きょう)の五(ご)十(じゅう) (asu no hyaku yori kyō no gojū)
人(じん)生(せい)僅(わず)か五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん) (jinsei wazuka gojū-nen)
人(にん)間(げん)僅(わず)か五(ご)十(じゅう)年(ねん) (ningen wazuka gojū-nen)

Noun

五(ご)十(じゅう) • (gojū) ^{←ごじふ (gozifu)^?}

a fifty-year-old

Proper noun

五(ご)十(じゅう) • (Gojū) ^{←ごじふ (Gozifu)^?}

short for 五十蔵 (Gojūzō): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
五	十
い Grade: 1	そ Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨i so₁⟩ → */isʷo/ → /iso/

Compound of Old Japanese elements 五(い) (i, “five”, combining form) + 十(そ) (so, “ten”).

Numeral

五(い)十(そ) • (iso)

fifty, 50
- 10th century, Kokin Waka Rokujō (book 1, volume 2, poem 725)
  岩(いは)の上(うへ)の松(まつ)の梢(こすゑ)に降(ふ)る雪(ゆき)はいそかへり降(ふ)れ後(のち)までも見(み)む
  iwa no ue ni matsu no kozue ni furu yuku wa isokaeri fure nochi made mo min
  (please add an English translation of this example)

Derived terms

五十路(いそじ) (isoji)
五十足(いそた)る (isotaru)

Noun

五(い)十(そ) • (iso)

(by extension) a large quantity

Derived terms

五十(いそ)返(かえ)り (isokaeri)

Proper noun

五(い)十(そ) • (Iso)

a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
五	十
いそじ
Grade: 1	Grade: 1
jukujikun

Compound of 五十(いそ) (iso, “fifty”, see above) + 路(ち) (-chi, counter for length of time). The chi changes to ji (historical di) as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いそじ [ìsójí] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
(Tokyo) いそじ [ìsóꜜjì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [iso̞ʑi]

Numeral

五十(いそじ) • (isoji) ^{←いそぢ (isodi)^?}

alternative spelling of 五十路 (isoji): fifty, 50

Noun

五十(いそじ) • (isoji) ^{←いそぢ (isodi)^?}

alternative spelling of 五十路 (isoji): a fifty-year-old; the fiftieth year

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
五	十
い
Grade: 1	Grade: 1
jukujikun

Shift from iso (see above), used in many compounds.

Already attested in Old Japanese as 借訓 (shakkun) kana for ⟨i⟩.

Numeral

五十(い) • (i)

Combining form of いそ (iso) above: fifty, 50

Derived terms

五十(い)日(か) (ika)
五十(い)串(ぐし) (igushi)
活(いく)目(め)入(いり)彦(びこ)五十(い)狭(さ)茅(ちの)尊(みこと) (Ikumeiribikoisachi no Mikoto)
五十(い)狭(さ)狭(さの)小(お)汀(はま) (Isasa no Ohama)
五十(い)狭(さ)芹(ぜり)彦(ひこの)命(みこと) (Isazerihiko no Mikoto)
五十(い)集(さば) (isaba)
五十(い)鈴(すず) (Isuzu)
五十(い)嵐(がらし) (Igarashi)
五十(い)里(かり) (Ikari)
五十(い)猛(たけるの)命(みこと) (Itakeru no Mikoto)

Noun

五十(い) • (i)

(by extension) Combining form of いそ (iso) above: a large quantity

Derived terms

五十(い)瀬(せ) (ise)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Anagrams

十(じゅう)五(ご) (jūgo, “fifteen”)

Korean

Hanja in this term
五	十

Numeral

五十 • (osip) (hangeul 오십)

hanja form^? of 오십 (“fifty”)

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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