桶

桶 U+6876, 桶
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6876
← 桵
[U+6875] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 桷 →
[U+6877]

Translingual

Han character

桶 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 木弓戈月 (DNIB), four-corner 47927, composition ⿰木甬)

Derived characters

  • 𮅸

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 527, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14811
  • Dae Jaweon: page 916, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1222, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6876

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 桶

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 桶
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
通 *l̥ʰoːŋ
俑 *l̥ʰoːŋ, *loŋʔ
蓪 *l̥ʰoːŋ
桶 *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ
捅 *l̥ʰoːŋʔ
痛 *l̥ʰoːŋs
筩 *l'oːŋ
誦 *ljoŋs
傭 *l̥ʰoŋ, *loŋ
慵 *ɦljoŋ
鱅 *ɦljoŋ, *loŋ
滽 *loŋ
墉 *loŋ
鏞 *loŋ
鄘 *loŋ
槦 *loŋ
銿 *loŋ
甬 *loŋʔ
勇 *loŋʔ
涌 *loŋʔ
踊 *loŋʔ
蛹 *loŋʔ
恿 *loŋʔ
慂 *loŋʔ
悀 *loŋʔ
埇 *loŋʔ
踴 *loŋʔ
庸 *loŋ
用 *loŋs
佣 *loŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l̥ʰoːŋʔ, *l'oːŋʔ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ).

Etymology

Unclear; compare Khmer ថាំង (thang), Thai ถัง (tǎng), which would suggest an areal word. See also Chepang [script needed] (dʰuŋ, “container, pot-shaped storage basket”) (Schuessler, 2007), as well as perhaps Burmese တောင်း (taung:, “basket”).

However, the Old Chinese reconstructions make a formal relation difficult, and any borrowings would have to be from the Middle Chinese period and after. For potential inherited cognates, note instead similarities with Burmese လှောင် (hlaung, “to store up, shut up”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • tháng - vernacular;
  • thóng - literary.
Rime
Character 桶 桶
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 透 (6) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 東 (1) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 他孔切 徒揔切
Baxter thuwngX duwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰuŋX/ /duŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰuŋX/ /duŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰuŋX/ /duŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰəwŋX/ /dəwŋX/
Li
Rong 		/tʰuŋX/ /duŋX/
Wang
Li 		/tʰuŋX/ /duŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰuŋX/ /dʱuŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tǒng dòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tung2 dung6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 桶
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tǒng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thuwngX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ˁoŋʔ/
English bucket

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 桶 桶
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 15431 15435
Phonetic
component 		用 用
Rime
group 		東 東
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		侗 動
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰoːŋʔ/ /*l'oːŋʔ/

Definitions

桶

  1. pail; bucket; tub
  2. cask; keg
  3. barrel (unit)
  4. (Philippine Hokkien) million
    一桶 [Philippine Hokkien]  ―  chi̍t-tháng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  one million

Synonyms

See also

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫 / 小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩 / 两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬 / 万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬 / 百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億 / 亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫 / 大写) 		零 壹 貳 / 贰 參 / 叁 肆 伍 陸 / 陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

In Min Nan numbers, the vernacular (白) pronunciation is the more common pronunciation, while the literary (文) reading is used for reading numbers out loud, such as in phone numbers. Please note that this usage is similar to the usage of the variant 幺 for the numeral 一 in Mandarin.

Compounds

  • 乏桶
  • 伐桶
  • 便桶 (biàntǒng)
  • 傳桶 / 传桶
  • 冤桶
  • 冰桶
  • 可桶兒的 / 可桶儿的
  • 吊桶 (diàotǒng)
  • 噴桶 / 喷桶
  • 圊桶
  • 垃圾桶 (lājītǒng)
  • 太平水桶
  • 子孫桶 / 子孙桶
  • 弔桶 / 吊桶
  • 弔桶底 / 吊桶底
  • 恭桶
  • 扮桶
  • 抽水馬桶 / 抽水马桶 (chōushuǐ mǎtǒng)
  • 摸米桶
  • 撲桶 / 扑桶
  • 斗桶
  • 料桶
  • 桶勾子
  • 桶匠
  • 桶子 (tǒngzi)
  • 桶子帽
  • 桶子花
  • 桶底脫 / 桶底脱
  • 梢桶
  • 桶盤 / 桶盘 (tǒngpán)
  • 桶裙
  • 榪桶 / 杩桶
  • 水桶 (shuǐtǒng)
  • 沒梁桶
  • 油桶
  • 泔水桶
  • 浴桶
  • 淨桶 / 净桶
  • 漆桶底脫 / 漆桶底脱
  • 火桶
  • 無梁桶
  • 痰桶 (tántǒng)
  • 皮桶兒 / 皮桶儿
  • 皮桶子
  • 直桶桶
  • 直籠桶 / 直笼桶
  • 禾桶
  • 窬桶
  • 窯桶子 / 窑桶子
  • 筆桶 / 笔桶
  • 筲桶
  • 箍桶
  • 糊突桶
  • 襪桶 / 袜桶
  • 觸桶 / 触桶
  • 酒桶 (jiǔtǒng)
  • 酸桶
  • 金漆飯桶 / 金漆饭桶
  • 金漆馬桶 / 金漆马桶
  • 鉛桶 / 铅桶
  • 鐵桶 / 铁桶 (tiětǒng)
  • 鐵桶江山 / 铁桶江山
  • 面桶
  • 靴桶
  • 鞭桶
  • 飯桶 / 饭桶 (fàntǒng)
  • 餘桶 / 余桶
  • 香桶兒 / 香桶儿
  • 馬子桶 / 马子桶
  • 馬桶 / 马桶 (mǎtǒng)
  • 馬桶刷 / 马桶刷 (mǎtǒngshuā)
  • 馬桶蓋 / 马桶盖 (mǎtǒnggài)
  • 鹵桶 / 卤桶
  • 麵糊桶 / 面糊桶

Japanese

Kanji

桶

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. a tub, a bucket

Readings

  • Go-on: つう (tsū)
  • Kan-on: とう (tō)
  • Kun: おけ (oke, 桶)←をけ (woke, をけ, historical)、こが (koga)
  • Nanori: おけ (oke)、あきら (akira)、おけざき (okezaki)、とうず (tōzu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
桶
おけ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
麻笥 (uncommon)

From Old Japanese. First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759.[1]

Originally a compound of 麻 (o, “flax, ramie”) +‎ 笥 (ke, “a container, especially for foodstuffs or tableware”).[2][3]

Pronunciation

Noun

桶(おけ) • (oke) ←をけ (woke)?

  1. [from 759] a tube-shaped container for holding split flax or hemp, usually made of thin cypress wood bent to shape
  2. [from early 800s] by extension, a pail, bucket, tub, or basin similar to a barrel in construction, made of long thin pieces of cedar or cypress extending up from a base and held in place with hoops; may be small enough to carry in one hand, or large enough to bathe in
  3. [from 1513] (Noh theater) a stool on stage, on which an actor sits
Synonyms
Idioms
  • 桶な物打ち明ける (おけなものうちあける, ​oke na mono uchiakeru), 桶の物打ち明ける (おけのものうちあける, ​oke no mono uchiakeru): "open up what's in your bucket" → to come clean to someone, with no hard feelings and no subterfuge
  • 桶が腐れば菜が腐る (おけがくさればながくさる, ​oke ga kusareba na ga kusaru): "if the bucket rots, the greens rot" → if the surrounding is bad, it affects the inside
Derived terms
  • 桶(おけ)越(ご)し (okegoshi): using an oke to cross a river
  • 桶(おけ)屋(や) (okeya): a person or store that makes, fixes, and/or sells oke and well walls
  • 桶(おけ)火(び) (okebi): the fire in a hioke
  • 火(ひ)桶(おけ) (hioke): a type of wooden hibachi
  • 桶(おけ)狭(はざ)間(ま) (Okehazama): a place in the south of Midori-ku, Nagoya
  • 桶(おけ)狭(はざ)間(ま)焼(や)き (Okehazama-yaki): a style of pottery originating near Okehazama
  • 桶(おけ)結(ゆ)い (okeyui): tying cord bands around an oke; an oke maker, an okeya
  • 桶(おけ)絞(しぼ)り (okeshibori): a cloth dying process whereby the sections to leave undyed are put into oke and closed in with lids
  • 桶(おけ)酸(す)い (okesui): alternate name for 酢(す)の木(き), 酢木(すのき) (sunoki): Vaccinium smallii, var. glabrum, a bush with edible (though sour) berries
  • 桶(おけ)取(と)り (oketori): a scene in a kyōgen farce presented between Noh plays; a woman working as a water carrier
  • 桶(おけ)尻(じり) (okejiri): the aft edge of the hull of a ship in traditional Japanese shipbuilding
  • 桶(おけ)据(す)え (okesue): the hipbone
  • 桶(おけ)川(がわ) (Okegawa): a river in southeast Saitama Prefecture
  • 桶(おけ)側(がわ) (okegawa): the sides of an oke, the staves; a bowl-shaped container for holding trawling lines on a fishing boat
  • 桶(おけ)側(がわ)胴(どう) (okegawa dō): a type of breastplate made of steel strips bound together, somewhat similar to how okegawa are bound together to make an oke
  • 桶(おけ)大(だい)工(く) (okedaiku): a cooper, a woodworker who specializes in making barrels, oke, and well walls
  • 桶(おけ)胴(どう) (oke dō): alternate name for 桶(おけ)側(がわ)胴(どう) (okegawa dō); a type of taiko drum
  • 桶(おけ)風(ぶ)呂(ろ) (okeburo): an oke fitted with a firebox for heating bathwater: a traditional Japanese wooden ofuro hottub
  • 桶(おけ)伏(ぶ)せ (okebuse): wearing an oke on one's head: a mob punishment in the pleasure districts of early Edo-period Japan, where non-paying customers would be forced to wear an oke on their heads, were sat down on the side of the street, and forced to pay up

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
桶
こが
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
榼 (rare)

Unknown. First cited to a work from the late 1100s.[6]

May be obsolete; not listed in some dictionaries.[3][4][5]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ko̞ɡa̠]

Noun

桶(こが) • (koga) 

  1. [late 1100s–???] (archaic, possibly obsolete) an oke (tub, bucket, basin) or taru (樽, “barrel”)

References

  1. ^ “桶・麻笥”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ “榼・桶”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

Korean

Hanja

桶 • (tong, yong) (hangeul 통, 용, revised tong, yong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, yong, Yale thong, yong)

  1. (통 통, tong-): barrel, bucket, can, cask, pail, tub, vat, compare ton, Dut. ton ("vat")

Vietnamese

Han character

桶: Hán Nôm readings: thùng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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