馬桶

See also: 马桶

Chinese

		horse; surname	pail; bucket; bin pail; bucket; bin; barrel
trad. (馬桶)		馬	桶
simp. (马桶)		马	桶

Etymology

During the Han Dynasty, the emperor's commode was called 虎子 (hǔzǐ). However, the grandfather of Emperor Gaozu of Tang was called 李虎 (Lǐ Hǔ). Because it was forbidden for common items to contain the given names of members of the imperial family (see Naming taboo), 虎子 was changed to 馬子／马子 (mǎzi), which morphed later into 馬桶.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mǎtǒng

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨㄥˇ

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): mǎtǒn
Cantonese (Jyutping): maa⁵ tung²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): mâ-thúng

(Hailu, HRS): ma^ˋ tung^ˊ
Northern Min (KCR): mǎ-tǒ̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): mā-tē̤ng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bor³ tang³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bé-tháng / má-tháng
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶mo-don₆ / ³mo-thon₃ / ⁴mo-don₄
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): ma³ tong³

(Loudi, Wiktionary): mo³ teng^3*

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mǎtǒng [Phonetic: mátǒng]
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄨㄥˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mǎtǒng
  - Wade–Giles: ma³-tʻung³
  - Yale: mǎ-tǔng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maatoong
  - Palladius: матун (matun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mä²¹⁴⁻³⁵ tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: mǎtǒn [Phonetic: mátǒn]
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ma³ ton³ [Phonetic: ma² ton³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma¹¹⁻¹² tʰoŋ¹¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: maa⁵ tung²
  - Yale: máh túng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁵ tung²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ma⁵ tung²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /maː¹³ tʰʊŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâ-thúng
  - Hakka Romanization System: ma^ˊ tung^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ma¹ tung³
  - Sinological IPA: /ma²⁴ tʰuŋ³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ma^ˋ tung^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /ma⁵³ tʰuŋ²⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mǎ-tǒ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma²¹ tʰɔŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mā-tē̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ma³³⁻³⁵ ^(tʰ-)løyŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bor³ tang³ [Phonetic: bor⁵ tang³]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bô̤-tâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒ⁴⁵³⁻¹¹ tʰaŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: bor³ tang³ [Phonetic: bor⁵ tang³]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒ³³²⁻²¹ tʰaŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-tháng
  - Tâi-lô: bé-tháng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: beftarng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰaŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰaŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má-tháng
  - Tâi-lô: má-tháng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: maftarng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰaŋ⁵³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁶mo-don₆
  - MiniDict: mo^去 don^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mo-don₃
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mo²² doŋ⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /mo²³ doŋ¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /mo²² doŋ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Changzhou)
  - Wugniu: ³mo-thon₃
  - MiniDict: 'mo^上 thon^上
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /mo⁴⁵ tʰoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Chongming)
  - Wugniu: ⁴mo-don₄
  - MiniDict: mo^上 don^上
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦmo²⁴² doŋ/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ma³ tong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ma̠⁴¹ tʰʊŋ⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ma̠⁴¹ tʰən⁴¹/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary: mo³ teng^3*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔ⁴² tʰɤŋ⁴²⁻¹/

Noun

馬桶

Synonyms

(sitting toilet): 坐廁／坐厕 (zuòcè), (Cantonese) 屎塔; (Hokkien) 坐盆
(toilet bowl): 廁缸／厕缸 (cègāng), 大便器 (dàbiànqì), 坐便器 (zuòbiànqì)
(nightstool): 馬子／马子 (mǎzi)
(chamber pot): 便壺／便壶 (biànhú), 尿壺／尿壶 (niàohú), 尿盆 (niàopén), 夜壺／夜壶 (yèhú); (Sichuan) 尿罐罐, 尿罐罐兒／尿罐罐儿; (Hokkien) 尿鱉／尿鳖, 尿扣喙

Chinese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms