kara

From Punjabi ਕੜਾ (kaṛā); see Hindi कड़ा (kaṛā, “bracelet”).

kara (plural karas)

1. (Sikhism) A bangle worn by Sikhs, one of the five Ks, to remind them to do God's work.

• rak'a, arak, akra

• IPA^(key): /karə/
• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

Borrowed from Old Javanese kara, kāra, from Sanskrit कर (kara, “finger”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”).

kara (Balinese script ᬓᬭ)

1. finger

Borrowed from Old Javanese kara, kāra, from Sanskrit कार (kāra, “act, action”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”).

kara (Balinese script ᬓᬵᬭ)

1. act, action

kara

1. allative singular of ka

From Proto-Brythonic *karɨd. Cognate with Breton karout and Welsh caru.

kara

1. to love, like, care for

From Italian caro, cara, from Latin cārus. Compare French cher.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkara/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ara
• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

kara (accusative singular karan, plural karaj, accusative plural karajn)

1. dear

   Mi amegas vin, mia kara.

   I love you so much, my dear.

   Kara S-ro Garcio, mi estas skribanta al vi ĉi tiun leteron, ĉar…

   Dear Mr. Garcia, I am writing you this letter because…

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑrɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝rɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ka‧ra
• Hyphenation^(key): ka‧ra

From Proto-Finnic *kara.

kara

1. a dried branch, rib of a leaf or other similar dried part of a plant

   Synonym: karahka

2. core (uneaten part of an apple or similar fruit)

   Synonyms: kota, siemenkota

3. pin (a piece of wood, partly inserted inside the wall, that supports the frame of a window or door)
4. pin, spindle, rod (machine part, often relatively long and narrow, used either as an axle or support)
   1. spindle (rod which turns, or on which something turns, e.g. of a door or window handle)
      1. (machining) spindle (rotary axis of a machine tool or power tool)
      2. (automotive) spindle (of a wheel)
   2. (weaving) core of a pirn (in a weaving shuttle)
   3. valve stem
   4. (manufacturing) core (portion of a mold that creates a cavity or impression within the part or that makes a hole in or through the part)
   5. mandrel (component that guides, grips or clamps)

• “kara”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 1 July 2023

Onomatopoeic.

kara

1. synonym of koskikara (“bird of the genus Cinclus”)

Clipping of karamboli.

kara

1. carom billiards, carambole

• arka

Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish قَرَه (qara), from Proto-Turkic *kara.^[1] Compare Turkish kara, Azerbaijani qara,^[2] Uzbek qora, Turkmen gara.

• IPA^(key): /kɑˑˈrɑ/
• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

kara (comparative taa kara, superlative en kara, intensive kapkara)

1. black, dark

   kara balık üzer deredä

   the black fish is swimming in the river

2. (figurative) dark, woeful, sad

   kara günnerdän geçtik

   we went through dark days

   • 2022 March 18, “Bu yıl cenktän dä taa çirkin, kömürdän dä taa kara, pelindän dä taa acı”, in Ana Sözü‎^[2]:

     Bu yıl cenktän dä taa çirkin, kömürdän dä taa kara, pelindän dä taa acı

     This year is even uglier than war, even darker than coal, even more bitter than wormwood

Colors in Gagauz · renklär (layout · text)

biyaz, ak	boz	kara
kırmızı, kızıl; al, kan kırmızı	turuncu, açık-mor; mor, komur, kızgıld	sarı; bej
laana yapraa, fıstık	eşil	öt eşili
	gök taşı	maavi, gök
zambak	purpur	pembä, gülgülü, güvez

• Ciachir, Mihail (1938) “cara”, in Dicționar gagauzo (tiurco)–român pentru gagauzii din Basarabia (in Romanian), Chișinău, page 26
• Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “kara”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 92
• N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “кара”, in Gagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija, →ISBN, page 247
• Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “kara”, in Gagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi, →ISBN, page 46

kara

1. romanization of 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰

From kar +‎ -a (possessive suffix).

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɒrɒ]
• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

kara

1. third-person singular single-possession possessive of kar (“faculty; ensemble”)

For the possessive of kar in the sense “arm, lever”, see karja.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkara/

kara

1. dear

• IPA^(key): /ka.ra/
• Rhymes: -ra
• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦫ (kara), from Old Javanese kara.

kara (plural kara-kara)

1. (botany) hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus

Borrowed from Toraja-Sa'dan [Term?]

kara (plural kara-kara)

1. jewelry made from shells, round with a hole in the middle, usually attached to clothes, large shields, or hats worn by war dancers at death feasts

• “kara” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

kara

1. Rōmaji transcription of から

kara

1. romanization of ꦏꦫ

kara

1. hair

kara

1. black

• dnathan.com

kara

1. purpose; motive; intention

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.ra/
• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: ka‧ra

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.

kara f

1. punishment; penalty, fine (negative result of something bad that was done)

   Synonym: sztrôfa

Borrowed from Polish kara (“cart”).

kara f

1. wheelbarrow

Borrowed from German Karre.

kara f

1. (Canada, United States) car

• Stanislow Frymark (2020) “kara”, in Kashubian Language in Canada, the USA and New Zealand; Lexical Interferences in Kashubian Language in Canada, the USA and New Zealand, Zómk Zôbòrsczi, →ISBN
• Sychta, Bernard (1968) “I-II kara”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 2 (H – L), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 135
• Jan Trepczyk (1994) “kara”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “kara”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[3]
• “kara”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Perso-Arabic		کَره

• kərə

Borrowed from Persian کره (kare).

• (Kharrab) IPA^(key): [kaɾa]

kara (definite accusative karañ, plural karalar)

1. butter

• Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

kara m

1. genitive singular of karš

Borrowed from Middle High German karre, ultimately from Latin carrus, from Gaulish *karros, from Proto-Celtic *karros (“wagon”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈkara/

kara f (diminutive karka)

1. cart, wagon

• Lower Sorbian vocabulary. In: Haspelmath, M. & Tadmor, U. (eds.) World Loanword Database. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.

kara (Raguileo spelling)

1. town, city

   Synonym: waria

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

kara (mutated form gara)

1. stone

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑːrɑ/

kara n

1. definite plural of kar

• IPA^(key): /²kɑ(ː)rɑ/

kara m

1. (non-standard since 1983) definite plural of kar

kara n

1. definite plural of kar

From Yoruba àkàrà.

• IPA^(key): /kà.ɾà/

kàrà

1. akara

• IPA^(key): /kā.ɾā/

kara (plural karazhì)

1. crab

• IPA^(key): /kà.ɾà/

kàrà

1. load; luggage; cargo
2. burden

• IPA^(key): /ká.ɾà/

kárà (plural káràzhì)

1. wall surrounding a compound (that does not connect to the houses)

• sókùn (“compound wall built from one house to another”)

• chara, khara — Upper German, Alemannic, Bavarian

From Proto-West Germanic *karu, from Proto-Germanic *karō. See Karfreitag.

kara f

1. sorrow, lamentation

• Joseph Wright, An Old High German Primer, Second Edition

• IPA^(key): /su.hun/
• Rhymes: -ra
• Homophones: kara, kāra, khara
• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

Borrowed from Sanskrit कर (kara, “finger”), कृ (kṛ, “to make”).

kara

1. hand
2. finger
3. ray of light, beam

• > Javanese: ꦏꦫ (kara) (inherited)
• → Balinese: ᬓᬭ (kara)

kara

1. alternative spelling of kāra (“making, doing”)

Unknown, probably borrowed from Sanskrit खर (khara, “thorny plant”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

kara

1. (botany) hyacinth bean, lablab bean, bonavist bean, bonavist pea, dolichos bean, sem bean, lablab bean, Egyptian kidney bean, Indian bean, Australian pea; Lablab purpureus.

• > Javanese: ꦏꦫ (kara) (inherited)

kara

1. alternative spelling of khara

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

kara

1. animals that may not be eaten
2. crow

• "kara" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Borrowed from Middle High German karre. First attested in 1471.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /kara/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /kara/

kara f

1. (attested in Greater Poland) light cart with one or two wheels

   Synonym: jednokole

   • 1908 [c. 1500], Bolesław Erzepki, editor, Przyczynki do średniowiecznego słownictwa polskiego. I. Glosy polskie wpisane do łacińsko-niemieckiego słownika drukowanego w roku 1490‎^[4], Lubiń, page 27:

     Karrą albo yednokolye biga, ein karre, carruca idem est

     [Kara albo jednokole biga, ein karre, carruca idem est]

   • 1901 [1471], Materiały i Prace Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie, volume V, page 46:

     Dwogye kary aut gyednokole duorum burdonum

     [Dwoje kary aut jednokole duorum burdonum]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 19r:

     Biga ein karre carruca idem est karrą albo yednokolye vel liber

     [Biga ein karre carruca idem est kara albo jednokole vel liber]

• Polish: kara (“cart”)
  • → Kashubian: kara (“wheelbarrow”)
  • → Ukrainian: ґара (gara)
  • → Slovincian: kara
• Silesian: kara (“wheelbarrow”)

• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kara 2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “kara”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “kara, pl. tantum kary”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “kara”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

From Proto-West Germanic *karu. Cognate with Old English caru, Old High German chara (“grief”), Old Norse kǫr (“sickbed”), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰 (kara).

kara f

1. grief, sorrow
2. anxiety

Köbler, Gerhard (2014) Altsächsisches Wörterbuch‎^[5] (in German), 5th edition

kara

1. dark

• Whaley, Lindsay & Li, Fengxiang. (1998). The Suffix -Kan in Oroqen. Studies in Language. 22. 447-471. 10.1075/sl.22.2.06wha.

kara ?

1. the Pali root kar
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[6] (overall work in Pali), page 288; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     करस्स सप्पच्चयस्स काहो ॥२४॥

     24. Karassa sappaccayassa kāho

     24. Conditionally kāha from kara

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: ka‧ra

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.^[1][2] First attested in 1564.^[3]

kara f

1. punishment; penalty, fine (negative result of something bad that was done) [with za (+ accusative) ‘for what’]

Inherited from Old Polish kara.

kara f

1. (obsolete) cart with two wheels and a box on top for carrying things

• → Kashubian: kara (“wheelbarrow”)
• → Ukrainian: ґара (gara)
• → Slovincian: kara

Borrowed from French carré.^[4] First attested in the middle of the 19th century.^[5]

kara f

1. (geometry, rare) quadrangle

   Synonyms: czworobok, czworokąt

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

kara

1. inflection of karo:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative plural

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

kara

1. feminine nominative/vocative singular of kary

• kara in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• kara in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “kara”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “KARA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], (Can we date this quote?)
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “kara”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “kara”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “kara”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 254
• Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “kara”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “kara 1”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)

kara

1. wing

kara (Cyrillic spelling кара)

1. third-person singular present of karati

• IPA^(key): /ˈka.ra/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ara
• Syllabification: ka‧ra

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara.

kara f

1. punishment

Inherited from Old Polish kara.

kara f

1. wheelbarrow

   Synonyms: targŏcz, tragŏcz

• kara in dykcjonorz.eu
• kara in silling.org
• Bogdan Kallus (2020) “kara/kary”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 320
• Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “kara”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 86
• Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “kara”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski, page 301

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قره (kara), from Old Anatolian Turkish قَرَه (qara), from Proto-Turkic *kara (“dark, black”). Compare Azerbaijani qara, Gagauz kara, Turkmen gara, Uzbek qora.

• IPA^(key): /kaˈɾa/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ka‧ra

kara (intensive kapkara)

1. black, dark

   Synonym: siyah

   Antonyms: ak, beyaz

2. brunette
3. dark skinned
4. (figuratively) evil, wicked, villainous

   kara büyü ― black magic

5. (figuratively, archaic) courageous
6. (figurative) sad, woeful, dark

• → Adyghe: къарэ (qarɛ)

kara (definite accusative karayı, plural karalar)

1. black

   Synonym: siyah

   Antonym: ak

2. (figurative) slander

   Synonym: iftira

3. (archaic) north
4. (Samsun, Ordu) fault, mistake

   ben karamı söylüyorum inkâr etmiyorum

   I tell my mistakes and do not deny them

5. (Çorum) gendarmerie
6. (Konya) key

   Synonym: anahtar

7. (Şanlıurfa) a black person

   Synonyms: zenci, arap, siyahi

compass points:  ^[edit]

kuzeybatı	kuzey şimal kara	kuzeydoğu
batı garp ak		doğu şark gök
güneybatı	güney cenup kızıl	güneydoğu

Colors in Turkish · renkler (layout · text)

beyaz, ak	gri, boz	siyah, kara
kırmızı, kızıl; al	turuncu; kahverengi, boz	sarı; bej
limon çürüğü	yeşil	nane yeşili
camgöbeği; turkuaz	gök, mavi	lacivert
eflatun; mor	pembe; mor	yavruağzı

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قاره (kara), from Arabic قَارَّة (qārra).

kara (definite accusative karayı, plural karalar)

2. land, field

   Antonym: deniz

   kara göründü! ― land ahoy!

   kara, deniz ve hava kuvvetleri ― land, sea, and air forces

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

kara

1. third-person singular optative of karmak

kara

1. (Artvin) alternative form of kere

• “kara”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• “kara”, in Türkiye'de halk ağzından derleme sözlüğü [Compilation Dictionary of Popular Speech in Turkey] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, 1963–1982

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

kara

1. bay, inlet

Inflection of kara (inflection type 5/sana)
nominative sing.	kara
genitive sing.	karan
partitive sing.	karad
partitive plur.	karoid
	singular	plural
nominative	kara	karad
accusative	karan	karad
genitive	karan	karoiden
partitive	karad	karoid
essive-instructive	karan	karoin
translative	karaks	karoikš
inessive	karas	karoiš
elative	karaspäi	karoišpäi
illative	karaha	karoihe
adessive	karal	karoil
ablative	karalpäi	karoilpäi
allative	karale	karoile
abessive	karata	karoita
comitative	karanke	karoidenke
prolative	karadme	karoidme
approximative I	karanno	karoidenno
approximative II	karannoks	karoidennoks
egressive	karannopäi	karoidennopäi
terminative I	karahasai	karoihesai
terminative II	karalesai	karoilesai
terminative III	karassai	—
additive I	karahapäi	karoihepäi
additive II	karalepäi	karoilepäi

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “бухта”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[7], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

kara

1. country
2. stone

• Mary Laughren, Rob Pensalfini, Tom Mylne, Accounting for verb-initial order in an Australian language, in Verb First: On the syntax of verb-initial languages (2005)