کره

See also: كره, كرة, گره, گڑھ, گرہ, and ك ر ه

Khalaj

Noun

کَره (kara, kərə) (definite accusative کَره‌نی or کَره‌نؽ, plural کَره‌لَر or کَره‌لار)

Arabic spelling of kara, kərə (“butter”)

Declension

Declension of
	singular	plural
nominative	کره	کره‌لار
genitive	کره‌ݧ	کره‌لارؽݧ
dative	کره‌قا	کره‌لارقا
definite accusative	کره‌ݧ	کره‌لارؽ
locative	کره‌چا	کره‌لارچا
ablative	کره‌دا	کره‌لاردا
instrumental	کره‌لا	کره‌لارلا
equative	کره‌وارا	کره‌لاروارا

Declension of
	singular	plural
nominative	کره	کره‌لَر
genitive	کره‌ݧ	کره‌لَریݧ
dative	کره‌که	کره‌لَرکه
definite accusative	کره‌ݧ	کره‌لَری
locative	کره‌چه	کره‌لَرچه
ablative	کره‌ده	کره‌لَرده
instrumental	کره‌له	کره‌لَرله
equative	کره‌وارا	کره‌لَروارا

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian *karag. Related to Middle Armenian կարագ (karag) and Arabic كَرَج (karaj).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ka.ˈɾa/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.ɾǽ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰä.ɾǽ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰä.ɾǽ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲæ.ɹé]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.ɾǽ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	kara
Dari reading^?	kara
Iranian reading^?	kare
Tajik reading^?	kara

Noun


Dari	مسکه
Iranian Persian	کره
Tajik	маска

کره • (kare) (plural کره‌ها)

butter
― kare-ye tâze ― fresh butter
mouldiness, mustiness

Derived terms

adjectives

کره‌ای (kare-'i)

nouns

کره گیری (kare giri)
کره‌ ساز (kare sâz)
کره‌ سازی (kare sâzi)

Descendants

→ Azerbaijani: kərə
→ Khalaj: kara

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic كُرَة (kura).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ku.ˈɾa/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʊ.ɾǽ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰʊ.ɾǽ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰu.ɾǽ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰo.ɹé]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰu.ɾǽ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	kura
Dari reading^?	kura
Iranian reading^?	kore
Tajik reading^?	kura

Noun

کره • (kore) (plural کرات (korât), or کره‌ها)

globe, sphere
planet
Synonym: سیاره (sayâre)

Derived terms

خاک‌کره (xâk-kore, “geosphere”)
زیست‌کره (zist-kore, “biosphere”)
سنگ‌کره (sang-kore, “lithosphere”)
نیمکره (nimkore, “hemisphere”)
کره زمین (kore-ye zamin, “planet earth”)

Etymology 3

From Middle Persian [script needed] (kwlk' /⁠kurrag⁠/, “colt”), from Old Iranian *kurna-ka-, a derivative of the Proto-Iranian root which gave Bakhtiari (kowr), Northern Kurdish kur (“boy, son”). Cognate with Northern Kurdish kurrik, Zazaki kurrî, kirrêk, kirri, kurik, kurrik, Talysh kırə, and akin to Middle Armenian քուռակ (kʻuṙak), Armenian քուռակ (kʻuṙak), քուռիկ (kʻuṙik), Aghwan 𐕣𐕒𐕡𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕄 (kuruḳ), Georgian ქორაკი (koraḳi), ქორა (kora), კურაკი (ḳuraḳi), კურატი (ḳuraṭi), კურიჰკაჲ (ḳurihḳay), კურიკაჲ (ḳuriḳay), კურია (ḳuria), ქვირანაჸი (kviranaʾi), ქვირა (kvira), კურო (ḳuro), Arabic كُرَّج (kurraj), Iranian borrowings.

Ultimately perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-European and cognate with Hittite [script needed] (kurka-, “foal, colt”), Hesychian Ancient Greek κύρνος (kúrnos, “bastard son”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /kuɾ.ˈɾa/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʊr.rǽ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰʊr.rǽ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰur.rǽ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰoɹ.ɹé]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰuɾ.ɾǽ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	kurra
Dari reading^?	kurra
Iranian reading^?	korre
Tajik reading^?	kurra

Noun

کره • (korre) (plural کره‌ها)

colt, foal

Derived terms

کره اسب (korre asb)

References

Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “քուռակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 594
Bielmeier, Roland (1993) “Das Alanische bei Tzetzes”, in W. Skalmowski and A. van Tongerloo, editors, Medioiranica: Proceedings of the International Colloquium organized by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven from the 21st to 23rd of May 1990 (in German), Leuven: Peeters, pages 14–15, footnote 15
Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 375
Puhvel, Jaan (1997) “kurka-”, in Hittite Etymological Dictionary (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 14), volume 4, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 267–268

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Arabic كَرْه (karh).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈkaɾh/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰäɾʰ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰäɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰäɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲæɹʰ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰäɾʰ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	karh
Dari reading^?	karh
Iranian reading^?	karh
Tajik reading^?	karh

Noun

کره • (karh)

aversion, dislike
Synonyms: بیمیلی (bi-meyli), اکراه (ekrâh)

Related terms

کرهاً (karhan, “reluctantly”)

Etymology 5

Borrowed from French Corée.

Pronunciation

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰo.ɹe]

Readings
Iranian reading^?	kore

Proper noun


Dari	کوریا
Iranian Persian	کره
Tajik	Корея

کُرِه • (kore)

(chiefly Iran) Korea (a country in East Asia, now divided in two)

Derived terms

کُرِه‌ای (kore'i, “Korean”)

جُمْهوریِ دِموکْراتیکِ خَلْقِ کُرِه (jomhuri-ye demokrâtik-e xâlq-e kore)
جُمْهوریِ کُرِه (jomhuri-ye kore)
شِبْه‌ِجَزیرِهٔ کُرِه (šebh-e-jazire-ye kore)
کُرِهٔ جُنوبی (kore-ye jonubi)
کُرِهٔ شُمالی (kore-ye šomâli)