rak

See also: Appendix:Variations of "rak"
Languages (23)
Translingual
Breton • Crimean Tatar • Czech • Danish • Dutch • Hungarian • Icelandic • Indonesian • Lower Sorbian • Malay • Marshallese • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Norse • Palauan • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Slovak • Slovene • Southwestern Dinka • Swedish • Upper Sorbian
Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

rak

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Tulu-Bohuai.

See also

  • Wiktionary’s coverage of Tulu-Bohuai terms

Breton

Pronunciation

Conjunction

rak

  1. because

Preposition

rak

  1. before

Inflection

Personal forms of rak
singular plural
1st person razon razomp
2nd person razout razoc'h
3rd person m razañ razo
f razi
impersonal razor

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian рак (rak).

Noun

rak

  1. cancer

Declension

Declension of rak
singular plural
nominative rak raklar
genitive raknıñ raklarnıñ
dative rakqa raklarğa
accusative raknı raklarnı
locative rakta raklarda
ablative raktan raklardan

References

  • Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎[1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
  • “rak”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech rak, from Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈrak]
  • Rhymes: -ak

Noun

rak m anim (relational adjective račí, diminutive ráček)

  1. crayfish
  2. (colloquial, archaic) cancer
    Synonym: rakovina

Declension

Declension of rak (velar masculine animate)
singular plural
nominative rak raci
genitive raka raků
dative rakovi, raku rakům
accusative raka raky
vocative raku raci
locative rakovi, raku racích
instrumental rakem raky

Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Danish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /rak/, [ʁɑɡ̊]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

rak n (singular definite rakket, not used in plural form)

  1. rabble, riffraff
    Få så det rak væk! Det skræmmer kunderne væk.
    Get that rabble away! It scares off the customers.

Verb

rak

  1. imperative of rakke

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /rɑk/
  • Hyphenation: rak
  • Rhymes: -ɑk

Etymology 1

Related to rekken.

Noun

rak n (plural rakken, diminutive rakje n)

  1. a straight section of a waterway
  2. a straight distance or section that one traverses by sailing
Derived terms
  • Damrak

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch rac. Variant of rek. Possibly related to etymology 1.

Noun

rak n (plural rakken, diminutive rakje n)

  1. (nautical) a rack, a frame
    Synonym: rek
Descendants
  • → Indonesian: rak

Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch *rak, from Old Dutch *rak, from Proto-West Germanic *rak, from Proto-Germanic *raką (“cord, chain”). Alternatively borrowed from Middle Low German rak (“parrel”), from Old Saxon *rak, from the same West Germanic source above.

Alternative forms

Noun

rak n (plural rakken, diminutive rakje n)

  1. a rope (often protected with wooden beads), chain or brace for fixing a spar to the mast
    Synonym: rek

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *rakkɜ- (“to make, prepare, build”). Cognates include Finnish rakentaa.[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈrɒk]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒk

Verb

rak

  1. (transitive) to put, set
    Synonyms: tesz, helyez, pakol

Conjugation

Conjugation of rak
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. rakok raksz rak rakunk raktok raknak
def. rakom rakod rakja rakjuk rakjátok rakják
2nd obj raklak
past indef. raktam raktál rakott raktunk raktatok raktak
def. raktam raktad rakta raktuk raktátok rakták
2nd obj raktalak
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. rakni fog.
archaic
preterite 		indef. rakék rakál raka rakánk rakátok rakának
def. rakám rakád raká rakánk rakátok rakák
2nd obj rakálak
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rak vala, rakott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. rakandok rakandasz rakand rakandunk rakandotok rakandanak
def. rakandom rakandod rakandja rakandjuk rakandjátok rakandják
2nd obj rakandalak
condi­tional pre­sent indef. raknék raknál rakna raknánk raknátok raknának
def. raknám raknád rakná raknánk
(or raknók) 		raknátok raknák
2nd obj raknálak
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rakott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. rakjak rakj or
rakjál 		rakjon rakjunk rakjatok rakjanak
def. rakjam rakd or
rakjad 		rakja rakjuk rakjátok rakják
2nd obj rakjalak
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rakott légyen
infinitive rakni raknom raknod raknia raknunk raknotok rakniuk
other
forms 		verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
rakás rakó rakott rakandó rakva (rakván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
Potential conjugation of rak
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. rakhatok rakhatsz rakhat rakhatunk rakhattok rakhatnak
def. rakhatom rakhatod rakhatja rakhatjuk rakhatjátok rakhatják
2nd obj rakhatlak
past indef. rakhattam rakhattál rakhatott rakhattunk rakhattatok rakhattak
def. rakhattam rakhattad rakhatta rakhattuk rakhattátok rakhatták
2nd obj rakhattalak
archaic
preterite 		indef. rakhaték rakhatál rakhata rakhatánk rakhatátok rakhatának
def. rakhatám rakhatád rakhatá rakhatánk rakhatátok rakhaták
2nd obj rakhatálak
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. rakhat vala, rakhatott vala/volt.
archaic future indef. rakhatandok
or rakandhatok 		rakhatandasz
or rakandhatsz 		rakhatand
or rakandhat 		rakhatandunk
or rakandhatunk 		rakhatandotok
or rakandhattok 		rakhatandanak
or rakandhatnak
def. rakhatandom
or rakandhatom 		rakhatandod
or rakandhatod 		rakhatandja
or rakandhatja 		rakhatandjuk
or rakandhatjuk 		rakhatandjátok
or rakandhatjátok 		rakhatandják
or rakandhatják
2nd obj rakhatandalak
or rakandhatlak
condi­tional pre­sent indef. rakhatnék rakhatnál rakhatna rakhatnánk rakhatnátok rakhatnának
def. rakhatnám rakhatnád rakhatná rakhatnánk
(or rakhatnók) 		rakhatnátok rakhatnák
2nd obj rakhatnálak
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. rakhatott volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. rakhassak rakhass or
rakhassál 		rakhasson rakhassunk rakhassatok rakhassanak
def. rakhassam rakhasd or
rakhassad 		rakhassa rakhassuk rakhassátok rakhassák
2nd obj rakhassalak
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. rakhatott légyen
infinitive (rakhatni) (rakhatnom) (rakhatnod) (rakhatnia) (rakhatnunk) (rakhatnotok) (rakhatniuk)
other
forms 		positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
rakható rakhatatlan (rakhatva / rakhatván)

Derived terms

Compound words

(With verbal prefixes):

  • alárak
  • átrak
  • berak
  • belerak
  • egyberak
  • elrak
  • előrerak
  • felrak
  • fölrak
  • félrerak
  • hátrarak
  • hazarak
  • helyrerak
  • hozzárak
  • iderak
  • kirak
  • körülrak
  • közérak
  • különrak
  • lerak
  • megrak
  • mellérak
  • odarak
  • összerak
  • rárak
  • széjjelrak
  • szétrak
  • telerak
  • újrarak
  • végigrak
  • visszarak

References

  1. ^ Entry #850 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ rak in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • rak in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Anagrams

Icelandic

Etymology 1

From Old Norse rak.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /raːk/
  • Rhymes: -aːk

Noun

rak n (genitive singular raks, nominative plural rök)

  1. wick (of a candle)
    Synonym: kveikur
  2. (chiefly in the plural) raking (quantity of hay)
Declension
Declension of rak (neuter)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative rak rakið rök rökin
accusative rak rakið rök rökin
dative raki rakinu rökum rökunum
genitive raks raksins raka rakanna

Etymology 2

Verb

rak

  1. first/third-person singular past indicative active of reka

Anagrams

Indonesian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

Noun

rak (uncountable)

  1. sound of cracking (specifically about wooden branch breaking)
  2. sound of a pen being scratched

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch rak, rek (“rack”), from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec.

Noun

rak (plural rak-rak)

  1. rack:
    1. a series of one or more shelves, stacked one above the other
    2. any of various kinds of frame for holding luggage or other objects on a vehicle or vessel.
  2. shelf: a flat, rigid structure, fixed at right angles to a wall or forming a part of a cabinet, desk, etc., and used to display, store, or support objects
Derived terms
  • rak buku
  • rak handuk
  • rak kaset
  • rak makanan
  • rak pemanggang
  • rak pendingin
  • rak penggulung
  • rak sepatu
  • rak sepeda
  • rak telur

Further reading

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /rak/

Noun

rak m anim

  1. crustacean
  2. cancer
  3. Cancer

Declension

Declension of rak
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative rak raka raki
Genitive raka rakowu rakow
Dative rakoju rakoma rakam
Accusative raka rakowu raki, rakow
Instrumental rakom rakoma rakami
Locative raku rakoma rakach

Further reading

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “rak”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “rak”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Malay

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [raʔ]
  • Rhymes: -ak
  • Hyphenation: rak

Etymology 1

Probably from English rack.

Noun

rak (Jawi spelling رق, plural rak-rak)

  1. A shelf.
    Synonyms: para / para-para, almari
Compounds
  • rak buku (“bookshelf”)
Descendants
  • Indonesian: rak

Etymology 2

Clipping of derak.

Noun

rak (Jawi spelling رق, plural rak-rak)

  1. (onomatopoeia) The sound of a pen being dragged across a paper.
  2. (onomatopoeia) The sound of wood breaking and other similar things.
Affixations
  • rak-rok, rok-rak
Descendants
  • Indonesian: rak

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

rak (Jawi spelling رق, plural rak-rak)

  1. (Kelantan-Pattani) A not so thick bush.

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

rak (Jawi spelling رق)

  1. (Kelantan-Pattani) alternative form of larat

References

Marshallese

Pronunciation

  • (phonetic) IPA(key): [rˠɑk]
  • (phonemic) IPA(key): /rˠæk/
  • Bender phonemes: {rak}

Noun

rak

  1. south
  2. summer

Synonyms

References

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Compare with Icelandic rakur

Adjective

rak (masculine and feminine rak, neuter rakt, definite singular and plural rake)

  1. salted and partially fermented (of fish)

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Compare with Icelandic rakur

Adjective

rak (neuter rakt, definite singular and plural rake)

  1. salted and partially fermented (of fish)
  2. straight
    Synonyms: bein, rett
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

rak

  1. imperative of raka

References

Old Norse

Verb

rak

  1. first/third-person singular past active indicative of reka

Palauan

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

rak

  1. year

References

  • rak in Palauan Language Online: Palauan-English Dictionary, at tekinged.com.
  • rak in Palauan-English Dictionary, at trussel2.com.
  • rak in Lewis S. Josephs, Edwin G. McManus, Masa-aki Emesiochel (1977) Palauan-English Dictionary, University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 285.

Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish rak, from Proto-Slavic *ràkъ.

Pronunciation

 
  • IPA(key): /ˈrak/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ak
  • Syllabification: rak

Noun

rak m animal (diminutive raczek)

  1. cancer (disease)
  2. crayfish (term also used for certain other crustaceans)
  3. crampon (spike on a boot used for ice climbing)
  4. (Near Masovian) wooden measure on a windmill to regulate the spacing between the fingers of the millwheel
    Hypernym: miara

Declension

Declension of rak
singular plural
nominative rak raki
genitive raka raków
dative rakowi rakom
accusative raka raki
instrumental rakiem rakami
locative raku rakach
vocative raku raki

Derived terms

adjectives
nouns
  • raczarnia
  • racznik
  • raczyna
  • rakotwórczość
  • rakowatość
proper nouns
verb

Further reading

  • rak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • rak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Władysław Matlakowski (1891) “rak”, in “Zbiór wyrazów ludowych dawnej ziemi czerskiej”, in Sprawozdania Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności, volume 4, Krakow: Drukarnia Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, page 369

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

Noun

rȁk m anim (Cyrillic spelling ра̏к, diminutive ràčić)

  1. crab
  2. cancer (astrology)
    Ja sam rak u horoskopu. ― I am cancer in horoscope.
  3. (colloquial) cancer (disease)
    Imam rak dojke. ― I have breast cancer.

Usage notes

Rak can also be declined inanimated, if used for the disease.

Declension

Declension of rak
singular plural
nominative rȁk ràkovi
genitive raka rakova
dative raku rakovima
accusative raka rakove
vocative rače rakovi
locative raku rakovima
instrumental rakom rakovima

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rakъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [rak]

Noun

rak m animal (relational adjective račí or (colloquial) rakový, diminutive ráčik)

  1. crayfish

Declension

Declension of rak
(patterns chlap (singular) and dub (plural))
singularplural
nominativerakraky
genitiverakarakov
dativerakovirakom
accusativerakaraky
locativerakovirakoch
instrumentalrakomrakmi

See also

Noun

rak m animal (relational adjective rakový)

  1. (colloquial, archaic) cancer
    Synonym: rakovina

Declension

Declension of rak
(patterns chlap (singular) and dub (plural))
singularplural
nominativerakraky
genitiverakarakov
dativerakovirakom
accusativerakaraky
locativerakovirakoch
instrumentalrakomrakmi

Further reading

  • “rak”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

Slovene

Pronunciation

Noun

rak m animacy unspecified

  1. crustacean (animal of the subphylum Crustacea)
  2. cancer

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

  • “rak”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

Southwestern Dinka

Noun

rak (plural rɔɔk)

  1. Shea tree, Vitellaria paradoxa
  2. the fruit of this tree, shea nut

References

  • Dinka-English Dictionary‎[2], 2005

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse rakr, related to rekja (“to unwind; to trace”). Compare English right.

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

rak (comparative rakare, superlative rakast)

  1. straight; unbent
  2. straight; direct, frank
  3. (internal combustion engines) straight

Declension

Inflection of rak
Indefinite positive comparative superlative1
common singular rak rakare rakast
neuter singular rakt rakare rakast
plural raka rakare rakast
masculine plural2 rake rakare rakast
Definite positive comparative superlative
masculine singular3 rake rakare rakaste
all raka rakare rakaste

1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
2 Dated or archaic.
3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Further reading

Anagrams

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ràkъ. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from German Krebs.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʀak/
  • Rhymes: -ak
  • Hyphenation: rak
  • Syllabification: rak

Noun

rak m animal

  1. (zoology) crayfish
  3. (medicine) cancer (malignant tumor, of unknown origin, with a tendency to destroy neighboring tissues and spread or disease caused by a malignant tumor)

Declension

Declension of rak (masculine velar stem)
singular dual plural
nominative rak rakaj raki
genitive raka rakow rakow
dative rakej rakomaj rakam
accusative raka rakaj raki
instrumental rakom rakomaj rakami
locative raku rakomaj rakach
vocative rako rakaj raki

References

  • “rak” in Soblex
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