穹
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Translingual
Han character
穹 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十金弓 (JCN), four-corner 30207, composition ⿱穴弓)
Derived characters
Further reading
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 862, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25414
- Dae Jaweon: page 1289, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2721, character 3
- Unihan data for U+7A79
Chinese
| trad. | 穹 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 穹 | |
| alternative forms | 宆 ancient 𡸕 𠫙 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (弓) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰʷɯŋ): semantic 穴 + phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kung4 / hung1 / gung1
- Eastern Min (BUC): kṳ̆ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1chion / 6jion / 2jion
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qióng
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyóng
- Wade–Giles: chʻiung2
- Yale: chyúng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyong
- Palladius: цюн (cjun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiōng
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyong
- Wade–Giles: chʻiung1
- Yale: chyūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiong
- Palladius: цюн (cjun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kung4 / hung1 / gung1
- Yale: kùhng / hūng / gūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: kung4 / hung1 / gung1
- Guangdong Romanization: kung4 / hung1 / gung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰʊŋ²¹/, /hʊŋ⁵⁵/, /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiông
- Tâi-lô: khiông
- Phofsit Daibuun: qioong
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɔŋ¹³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
- Tâi-lô: kiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: giong1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiong
- Sinological IPA (key): /kioŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: khjuwng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷɯŋ/
Definitions
穹
- (literary) elevated and arched
- 穹隆 ― qiónglóng ― domed structure
- (literary) sky
- Synonym: 天 (tiān)
- (literary) deep
- (literary) high and vast
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to fill up; to exhaust
- 九月在戶,十月蟋蟀入我牀下。穹窒熏鼠,塞向墐戶。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jiǔyuè zài hù, shíyuè xīshuài rù wǒ chuáng xià. Qióng zhì xūn shǔ, sài xiàng jìn hù. [Pinyin]
- In the ninth month, about the doors;
In the tenth month, the cricket enters under our beds.
Chinks are filled up, and rats are smoked out.
The windows that face [the north] are stopped up;
九月在户,十月蟋蟀入我牀下。穹窒熏鼠,塞向墐户。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
Japanese
Kanji
穹
Readings
- Go-on: く (ku)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū)←きゆう (kyuu, historical)
- Kun: あめ (ame, 穹)、そら (sora, 穹)、おおぞら (ōzora, 穹)、あな (ana, 穹)、ふかい (fukai, 穹い)、たかい (takai, 穹い)、おおきい (ōkī, 穹きい)
- Nanori: こう (kō)、たかし (takashi)、ひろ (hiro)
Compounds
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 穹 (MC khjuwng). Recorded as Middle Korean 구ᇰ (kwung) (Yale: kwung) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
Han character
穹: Hán Việt readings: khung (
穹: Nôm readings: khum[1][3][5][4][6], khung[1][2][3][7], cùng[2]
- chữ Hán form of khung (“sky”)
- chữ Nôm form of khung (“border; frame”)
- chữ Nôm form of khum (“curved; convex”)
Compounds
- 穹蒼 (khung thương)
- 穹靈 (khung linh)