弓

弓 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓 (N), four-corner 1720₇, composition ⿱コ㇉)

1. Kangxi radical #57, ⼸.

• Appendix:Chinese radical/弓
• 㧈, 杛, 躬, 䩑, 矤, 宆, 芎, 穹, 夷

• 發, 雋

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 356, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9692
• Dae Jaweon: page 671, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 987, character 11
• Unihan data for U+5F13

Pictogram (象形) – a bow. See also the original version of 射.

Possibly related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ (“tree, branch, stem”) (Coblin, 1986), semantically connected with the shape of a bent tree branch. Cognate with Burmese ကိုင်း (kuing:, “to bend over; to be bent”), အကိုင်း (a.kuing:, “stalk; branch”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (kung¹, “tree”), Jingpho kung (“to branch; to grow”), lakung (“branch; limb”), Lepcha ᰀᰩᰵ (kóng, “branch”), ᰀᰫᰵ (kúng, “tree”) (STEDT).

Schuessler (2007) proposes that both Old Chinese 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ are derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *koŋ, whence Nyah Kur [script needed] (kóoŋ, “bent (in the middle)”), Mon ကိုၚ် (“to be bent”), Khmer កោង (kaong, “to bend; to be bent”), Khasi pyrkhung (“to bend; to arch”), Pear kuŋ (“bend”), Vietnamese cong (“to be bent, curved”).

Also compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ku(ː)m (“arched; vaulted”)

Derivatives are 肱 (OC *kʷɯːŋ, “(upper) arm”) and 穹 (OC *kʰʷɯŋ, “arched; vault; sky”).

弓

1. bow (weapon) (Classifier: 張／张)
2. bow (of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult) (Classifier: 張／张)
3. curved; arched
4. to arch; to bend
5. (Jiexi Hakka) rainbow
6. (obsolete) synonym of 步 (bù) (a traditional Chinese unit of length and area)
7. a surname, Gong

• (bow of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult) 弓子 (gōngzi)
• (to arch): 彎曲／弯曲 (wānqū)
• (rainbow):

• 箭 (jiàn)
• 矢 (shǐ)

• “弓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

• Go-on: く (ku)、くう (kū)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きゆう (kyuu, historical)}
• Kun: たらし (tarashi, 弓)、ゆ (yu, 弓)、ゆみ (yumi, 弓, Jōyō)
• Nanori: こ (ko)、ゆ (yu)

From Old Japanese. In modern Japanese, only found as a prefix in compounds.^[1][2] Possibly contracted from 弓 (yumi, “bow”), as most derived terms exhibit voicing of the second component. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

• IPA^(key): [jɯ̟]

弓(ゆ) • (yu-) 

1. a bow, a bow shape

From Old Japanese,^[3] ultimately from Proto-Japonic *yumi. Appears in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE), with a phonetic spelling of 由美 ⟨yumi₁⟩, */yumʲi/.^[4]

• (Tokyo) ゆみ [yùmíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[5][2]
• IPA^(key): [jɯ̟mʲi]

弓(ゆみ) • (yumi) 

1. a bow:
   1. (weaponry) a bow for shooting arrows
   2. (music) a bow for playing a stringed instrument such as a violin or cello
2. archery
3. (Shinto) a type of kagura (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away evil
4. short for 破(は)魔(ま)弓(ゆみ) (hama yumi): a ceremonial archery bow with the power to dispel evil
5. a bow shape, a curve
6. a bow-shaped tool used to beat ginned cotton into a softer and finer textile

• (archery): 仗(つえ) (tsue)/杖(つえ) (tsue): yumi stave; 弦(つる) (tsuru): yumi bowstring; 矢(や) (ya): an arrow (鏃(やじり) (yajiri): arrowheads; 簳(やがら) (yagara): arrow-shafts; 羽(はね) (hane): arrow-fletchings); 靫(うつぼ) (utsubo)): a quiver; 胸当(むねあ)て (muneate): kyudo plastron/chestguard; 弽(ゆがけ) (yugake): kyudo gloves; 弩(いしゆみ) (ishiyumi): a crossbow

• ロングボウ (rongubō, “longbow”)

• 弓_(武器) on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja (archery)
• Yumi (Japanese archery bow) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• 弓_(楽器) on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja (music)
• Bow_(music) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Alteration from torashi, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb torasu, from tora as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 取る (toru, “to take”) + す (su, honorific suffix in Old Japanese). Original meaning was “something kept to hand”.^[1][2]

• 執

• IPA^(key): [ta̠ɾa̠ɕi]

弓(たらし) • (tarashi) 

1. (rare, honorific) an archery bow, particularly one belonging to a noble

• 御(み)執(たらし), 御(み)弓(たらし) (mitarashi)

From Middle Chinese 弓 (MC kjuwng).^[1][2] Compare modern Mandarin 弓 (gōng).

• (Tokyo) きゅう [kyúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [kʲɨː]

弓(きゅう) • (kyū) 

1. (rare) a bow
2. (obsolete) in ancient Chinese archery, a unit of length for measuring the distance between the archer and the target; one kyū was equal to six 尺 (shaku), roughly six feet or 182 centimeters
3. (obsolete) in ancient China, a unit of length for surveying land; one kyū was equal to eight 尺 (shaku), roughly eight feet or 242 centimeters

In modern Japanese, the reading kyū is most often found in compounds.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kuŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [궁]

Wikisource

弓 (eumhun 활 궁 (hwal gung))

1. hanja form^? of 궁 (“bow (for shooting arrows”)

• 궁도 (弓道, gungdo, “archery”)

弓: Hán Nôm readings: cung, cong, củng

1. a bow

hình cung (形弓): an arc