發

發 (Kangxi radical 105, 癶+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 弓人弓竹水 (NONHE), four-corner 1224₇, composition ⿱癶𭚧 or ⿹癹弓)

• 㗶, 墢(𫭨), 撥(𫝼/拨), 潑(溌/泼), 橃(𭩰), 襏(袯), 䚨, 蹳(𫏆), 醱(醗/酦), 鏺(䥽), 驋(𩧯), 鱍, 㔇, 廢(廃/废), 蕟(𬜧), 癈(㾱/𬏦), 𥳊(𬔹)

• 発 (Japanese shinjitai)
• 发 (Simplified Chinese)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 784, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22669
• Dae Jaweon: page 1194, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2761, character 4
• Unihan data for U+767C

Pictogram (象形) (OC *pad) — a bow firing an arrow. A hand (攴) was added later, forming 㢭. The hand further turned into the phonetic component 癹 (OC *pʰaːd, *baːd), leading to the current form as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声).^{[字源 1]}

STEDT compares 發 (OC *pad) to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-p(r)ats (“to vomit”), whence Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-pat (“to vomit”) (> Burmese ပစ် (pac, “to shoot, to throw, to eject”)) and Jingpho ǹ-phàt (“to vomit”).

According to Schuessler (2007), this is an area word; compare Proto-Vietic *ɓah (“to vomit”), Mon ပန် (“to shoot”).

A derivation is probably 廢 (OC *pads, “to cast aside”).

發

1. to shoot; to launch

   發射／发射  ―  fāshè  ―  to shoot; (of space vehicle) to launch

   • 射者正己而後發。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     射者正己而后发。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shè zhě zhèng jǐ érhòu fā. [Pinyin]

     The archer adjusts himself and then shoots.

2. to issue

   發布／发布  ―  fābù  ―  to release

   發號施令／发号施令  ―  fāhàoshīlìng  ―  to give orders

   • 塗有餓莩而不知發。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     涂有饿莩而不知发。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Tú yǒu èpiǎo ér bùzhī fā. [Pinyin]

     There are people dying from famine on the roads, and you do not issue the stores of your granaries for them.

   1. to distribute

      發行／发行  ―  fāxíng  ―  to distribute; to circulate; to issue (securities)

      發傳單／发传单  ―  fā chuándān  ―  to distribute leaflets

      發工資／发工资  ―  fā gōngzī  ―  to pay out wages

   2. to ship; to send for delivery

      發貨／发货  ―  fāhuò  ―  to ship goods

   3. to post; to send message

      發電／发电  ―  fādiàn  ―  to send a telegram

      發微博／发微博  ―  fā Wēibó  ―  to post an update to Weibo

      發推特／发推特  ―  fā Tuītè  ―  to post an update to Twitter; to tweet

      發錯群／发错群  ―  fā cuò qún  ―  to post to the wrong group

      發電子郵件／发电子邮件  ―  fā diànzǐyóujiàn  ―  to send an e-mail

   4. to publish

      刊發／刊发  ―  kānfā  ―  to publish (in press media)

      發表論文／发表论文  ―  fābiǎo lùnwén  ―  to publish a research work

   5. to emit

      發光／发光  ―  fāguāng  ―  to emit light

      發音／发音  ―  fāyīn  ―  to pronounce; to vocalise

      煥發／焕发  ―  huànfā  ―  (figuratively) to radiate

   6. to escape

      發散／发散  ―  fāsàn  ―  to diverge

      蒸發／蒸发  ―  zhēngfā  ―  to evaporate

      揮發性／挥发性  ―  huīfāxìng  ―  volatility

   7. (chiefly of plants or plant parts) to grow out; (of flowers) to blossom

      發芽／发芽  ―  fāyá  ―  to germinate

      • 紅豆生南國，春來發幾枝。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
        红豆生南国，春来发几枝。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

        From: Wang Wei (王維), c. 8th century, Yearning (《相思》). Translated by Betty Tseng.

        Hóngdòu shēng nánguó, chūnlái fā jǐzhī. [Pinyin]

        These red beans grow only in the south,
        In spring they branch away and flourish.

   8. (Hokkien) to grow out (teeth, etc.)

      喙齒發出來矣。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      喙齿发出来矣。 [Hokkien, simp.]

      Chhùi-khí hoat chhut-lâi ah. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

      The teeth have grown out.

3. to depart; to leave

   始發站／始发站  ―  shǐfāzhàn  ―  station of departure

   發往北京的列車／发往北京的列车  ―  fā wǎng Běijīng de lièchē  ―  train leaving for Beijing

   • 明朝驛使發，一夜絮征袍。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     明朝驿使发，一夜絮征袍。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Li Bai (李白), c. 8th century, Ballads of Four Seasons: Winter (《子夜吳歌·冬歌》), translated by Witter Bynner.

     Míngzhāo yìshǐ fā, yīyè xù zhēngpáo. [Pinyin]

     The courier will depart next day, she's told.
     She sews a warrior's gown all night.

4. to dispatch

   發兵／发兵  ―  fābīng  ―  to dispatch troops

   徵發／征发  ―  zhēngfā  ―  to requisition

5. to expand; to extend; to spread

   發揚／发扬  ―  fāyáng  ―  to promote

   發展／发展  ―  fāzhǎn  ―  to develop; to enhance

   發條／发条  ―  fātiáo  ―  coiled spring; clockwork (literally, “expanding strip)”)

   1. to rise; to emerge

      發跡／发迹  ―  fājì  ―  to rise to prominence

      • 舜發於畎畝之中。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
        舜发于畎亩之中。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

        From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

        Shùn fā yú quǎnmǔ zhīzhōng. [Pinyin]

        Shun rose from among the channelled fields.

   2. (colloquial) to gain wealth; to become rich; to make a fortune

      暴發戶／暴发户  ―  bàofāhù  ―  parvenu/e

      他發了。／他发了。  ―  Tā fā le.  ―  He has made a fortune.

      伊這氣咧發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
      伊这气咧发。 [Hokkien, simp.]

      I chit-khùi leh hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

      He's making a fortune at this time.

   3. (of food) to rise, expand, or become porous, especially as a result of leavening

      發糕／发糕  ―  fāgāo  ―  fa gao (a porous rice dessert)

      麵還沒發好。／面还没发好。  ―  Miàn háiméi fā hǎo.  ―  The dough has not yet fully risen.

      1. (Mainland China Hokkien) to become fluffy and large or bloom like a flower due to leavening

         這床發粿有發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
         这床发粿有发。 [Hokkien, simp.]

         Chit sn̂g hoat-ké ū hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

         This basket of fa gao has bloomed like a flower.

6. to initiate; to give start to

   發動／发动  ―  fādòng  ―  to start (an engine)

   自發／自发  ―  zìfā  ―  spontaneous; voluntary (literally, “self-initiated”)

   後發制人／后发制人  ―  hòufāzhìrén  ―  to overpower the opponent by reacting to their (ill-advised) initiative; to win by not striking the first

   激發／激发  ―  jīfā  ―  to stimulate

7. to generate; to produce

   發電／发电  ―  fādiàn  ―  to generate electric power

8. to become; to get into a certain state

   發燒／发烧  ―  fāshāo  ―  to have a fever

   發狂／发狂  ―  fākuáng  ―  to go mad

   發呆／发呆  ―  fādāi  ―  to be in a daze

   發情／发情  ―  fāqíng  ―  to be in oestrus

   發覺／发觉  ―  fājué  ―  to become aware

9. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to open; to remove what seals, blocks, or shuts

   發掘／发掘  ―  fājué  ―  to excavate; to unearth; (figurative) to develop

   發軔／发轫  ―  fārèn  ―  to start (literally, “to unblock the wheels”)

   發現／发现  ―  fāxiàn  ―  to discover; discovery

   • 發丘中郎將／发丘中郎将  ―  fāqiū zhōnglángjiàng  ―  General Mound-Opener (graverobber)

   • 書未發，威后問使者曰：「歲亦無恙耶？民亦無恙耶？王亦無恙耶？」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     书未发，威后问使者曰：「岁亦无恙耶？民亦无恙耶？王亦无恙耶？」 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE

     Shū wèi fā, Wēihòu wèn shǐzhě yuē: “Suì yì wúyàng yé? Mín yì wúyàng yé? Wáng yì wúyàng yé?” [Pinyin]

     Without opening the letter (bearing the envoy's credentials), the Queen Dowager Wei asked the envoy: "Are the crops good? Are the people content? Is the King in good health?"

10. to make manifest; to express; to act out

    發誓／发誓  ―  fāshì  ―  to swear an oath

    發怒／发怒  ―  fānù  ―  to act out one's anger; to hit out

    揭發／揭发  ―  jiēfā  ―  to expose (wrongdoing, scandal, etc.)

    發表意見／发表意见  ―  fābiǎo yìjiàn  ―  to express one's opinions

    發愁／发愁  ―  fāchóu  ―  to be anxious

11. (figurative, of the mind) to make clear; to enlighten; to open up; to stimulate

    發明／发明  ―  fāmíng  ―  to explain clearly; to invent

    啟發／启发  ―  qǐfā  ―  to inspire; to enlighten

    • 退而省其私，亦足以發。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
      退而省其私，亦足以发。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

      From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

      Tuì ér xǐng qí sī, yì zúyǐ fā. [Pinyin]

      He has retired, and I have examined his conduct when away from me, and found him able to illustrate my teachings.

12. Classifier for ammunition.

    一發炮彈／一发炮弹  ―  yī fā pàodàn  ―  one shell

13. (slang) Classifier for ejaculation.
14. (Hokkien) to show effect; to break out

    藥性未發。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    药性未发。 [Hokkien, simp.]

    Io̍h sèng bē hoat. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

    The effect of the medicine hasn't shown yet.

15. (Mainland China Hokkien) to go bad; to deteriorate; to become rotten

    米囥甲發去。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    米囥甲发去。 [Hokkien, simp.]

    Bí khǹg kah hoat khì. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

    The rice was stored until it went bad.

16. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to have quicklime react by mixing with water

    灰發甲真透。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    灰发甲真透。 [Hokkien, simp.]

    Hoe hoat kah chin thàu. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

    The lime reacted with water pretty thoroughly.

17. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) stirred with water and squeezed repeatedly becoming dense and flexible (of flour, earth, etc.)

• (to distribute):

Others:

• Old Turkic: pat-la (explode)
  • Turkmen: patlamak (commo), partlamak (standard)
  • Turkish: patlamak
  • Azerbaijani: partlamaq
  • Chagatai: پارتلماق
    • Uzbek: portlamoq
    • Uyghur: پارتىلاماق (partilamaq)

發

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bent; crooked
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) used in 發發／发发 (bōbō, “numerous; sound of strong wind or fish jumping”)

發

1. (Cantonese) alternative form of 𢪎 (“to whip; to whisk”)

• “發”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “发”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 発)

1. Kyūjitai form of 発

• Go-on: ほち (hochi)、ほつ (hotsu)
• Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
• Kun: あばく (abaku, 發く)、おこる (okoru, 發る)、たつ (tatsu, 發つ)、つかわす (tsukawasu, 發わす)^{←つかはす (tukafasu, 發はす, historical)}、はなつ (hanatsu, 發つ)
• Nanori: あき (aki)、あきら (akira)、おき (oki)、しげ (shige)、ちか (chika)、とき (toki)、なり (nari)、のぶ (nobu)、のり (nori)、よし (yoshi)

From Middle Chinese 發 (MC pjot).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pa̠ɭ]
• Phonetic hangul: [발]

Wikisource

發 (eumhun 필 발 (pil bal))

1. hanja form^? of 발 (“to shoot; to emit; to discharge”) [affix]
2. hanja form^? of 발 (“departing from; originating from”) [suffix]

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

發: Hán Nôm readings: phát, phắt, phết

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