醱

See also: 酦 and 醗

醱	U+91B1, 醱 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91B1

← 醰
[U+91B0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

醲 →
[U+91B2]

Translingual

Traditional	醱
Shinjitai (extended)	醗
Simplified	酦

Han character

醱 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一田弓人水 (MWNOE), four-corner 1264₇, composition ⿰酉發)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1288, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40041
Dae Jaweon: page 1788, character 21
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3599, character 9
Unihan data for U+91B1

Chinese

trad.		醱
simp.		酦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (發) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
廢	*pads
癈	*pads
橃	pads, bad
撥	*paːd
鱍	paːd, pʰaːd
襏	*paːd
驋	*paːd
鏺	*pʰaːd
潑	*pʰaːd
醱	*pʰaːd

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pō, pò (po¹, po⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄛ, ㄆㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): put³
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): puah⁶ / puoh⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pō
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: po
  - Wade–Giles: pʻo¹
  - Yale: pwō
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: po
  - Palladius: по (po)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pò
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pò
  - Wade–Giles: pʻo⁴
  - Yale: pwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
  - Palladius: по (po)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: put³
  - Yale: put
  - Cantonese Pinyin: put⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: pud³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːt̚³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: puah⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: puah
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuaʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: puoh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuoʔ²/

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	醱
Reading #	1/1
No.	2838
Phonetic component	發
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	鏺
Old Chinese	/*pʰaːd/
Notes	肺原作胏

Definitions

醱

to brew or ferment for the second time

Compounds

醱醅 / 酦醅

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fā, pò (fa¹, po⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄚ, ㄆㄛˋ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huah⁶ / huoh⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fā
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fa
  - Wade–Giles: fa¹
  - Yale: fā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fa
  - Palladius: фа (fa)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pò
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pò
  - Wade–Giles: pʻo⁴
  - Yale: pwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
  - Palladius: по (po)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huah⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: huah
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: huoh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoʔ²/

Definitions

醱

only used in 醱酵／酦酵, alternative form of 發酵 / 发酵 (fājiào, “to ferment”)

Compounds

醱酵 / 酦酵 (fājiào)
醱酵乳 / 酦酵乳

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “酦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 61.

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	醗
Print standard	醱

Kanji

醱

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 醗)

to ferment

Readings

Go-on: はち (hachi)
Kan-on: はつ (hatsu)
Kun: かもす (kamosu, 醱す)

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 醱 is mostly replaced by 発, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 醱 replaced by daiyōji 発

Compounds

醱(はっ)酵(こう) (hakkō, “fermentation”)
醱(はつ)醅(はい) (hatsuhai, “vigorous bubbling of fermenting sake”) (also 潑醅)

References

“K'sBookshelf 辞典・用語漢字林酉部”, in ksbookshelf.com, accessed 2024-03-12

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 醱. Recorded as Middle Korean 발〮 (pál) (Yale: pal) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

醱 (eumhun 빚을 발 (bijeul bal))

hanja form^? of 발 (“ferment”)

Compounds

발효 (醱酵, balhyo)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]