酉

See also: 丣 and 西
酉 U+9149, 酉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9149
← 酈
[U+9148] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 酊 →
[U+914A]

⾣ U+2FA3, ⾣
KANGXI RADICAL WINE
← ⾢
[U+2FA2] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾤ →
[U+2FA4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

酉 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一金田一 (MCWM), four-corner 10600, composition ⿴西一)

  1. Kangxi radical #164, ⾣.

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1280, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39763
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1778, character 36
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3572, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9149

Chinese

trad. 酉
simp. # 酉
alternative forms 丣

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
楢 *kʰjuʔ, *lu
逎 *ʔslu
遒 *sklu, *sɡlu
蝤 *sklu, *sɡlu
揂 *sklu
酒 *ʔsluʔ
媨 *sklus
鞧 *skʰlu
緧 *skʰlu
趥 *skʰlu, *skʰluŋs
酋 *sɡlu
崷 *sɡlu
鰌 *sɡlu
煪 *sɡlu
醜 *l̥ʰjuʔ
猶 *klus, *lu, *lus
猷 *lu
輶 *lu, *luʔ, *lus
偤 *lu
莤 *lu, *sruɡ
蕕 *lu
庮 *lu, *luʔ
槱 *luʔ, *lus
梄 *luʔ
丣 *luʔ
酉 *luʔ

Pictogram (象形) — an ancient vase used in making and storing fermented millet alcoholic drink. See 酒.

A similar character is 酋, which indicates two drops of alcohol coming out of the vase. Unrelated to 西.

Etymology

"wine; wine vessel"
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jəw (“liquor”) (STEDT); cognate with 酒 (OC *ʔsluʔ, “wine”).
"tenth earthly branch"
Smith (2011) suggests that this branch denoted the "waxing half-moon", "construed as a vessel filling with liquid". Noting Schuessler (2007)'s observation that 酉 (yǒu)'s OC pronunciation started with *r-, Smith reconstructs *r-juʔ which would later lost its archaic pre-initial *r-, the same phonological split seen in pairs like 游 (OC) ~ 遊 (OC *ju, “to flow, to roam”) > yóu vs. 流 (OC *r-ju, “flow”) > liú. Smith further supposes that *r-juʔ, is an endoactive derivative of *r-ju "flow" by the suffix *-ʔ, meaning "the flowing stage".
As for 酉 (yǒu)'s association with the chicken, Norman (1985) proposes that Chinese and Thai forms derived from Viet-Muong *rə̆k ~ *ruk, truncated from Proto-Vietic *r-kaː (“chicken”), yet Ferlus (2013) thinks this correspondence unlikely. Possibly, 酉 (yǒu) was arbitrarily associated with the chicken, just like 辰 (chén) with the dragon.
“unitary”
From English unitary.

Pronunciation

Note: iū - “late night”, e.g. 起早坐酉, 暗酉, 酉酉.
Rime
Character 酉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 與久切
Baxter yuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/iəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/juwX/
Li
Rong 		/iuX/
Wang
Li 		/jĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 酉 酉 酉
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yǒu yǒu yǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yuwX › ‹ yuwX › ‹ yuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*N-ruʔ/ /*N-ruʔ/ /*N-ruʔ/
English 10th earthly branch wine old

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 酉
Reading # 1/1
No. 15583
Phonetic
component
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*luʔ/

Definitions

酉

  1. an alcoholic drink vessel
  2. tenth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
  3. rooster (鷄) of Chinese zodiac
  4. the period from 17:00 to 19:00
  5. (mathematics) unitary

Coordinate terms

  • (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子 (zǐ), 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午, 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌 (xū), 亥 (hài) (Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)

Usage notes

Although it remains associated with alcoholic drink, the character alone is mostly used as the tenth earthly branch in the Chinese cyclical calendar.

Compounds

  • 三酉
  • 卯酉
  • 卯酉參辰 / 卯酉参辰
  • 卯酉子午
  • 參辰卯酉 / 参辰卯酉
  • 子午卯酉
  • 才貫二酉 / 才贯二酉
  • 暗酉
  • 書畫卯酉 / 书画卯酉
  • 書通二酉 / 书通二酉
  • 起早坐酉
  • 酉字牌
  • 酉時 / 酉时 (yǒushí)
  • 酉群 (yǒuqún)
  • 酉酉
  • 酉陽雜俎 / 酉阳杂俎
  • 鬼酉上車 / 鬼酉上车

References

Japanese

Kanji

酉

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. "sake" radical (さけづぐり)
  2. "bird of the zodiac" radical (ひよみのとり, とりへん)
  3. rooster (tenth sign of the Chinese zodiac)

Readings

  • Go-on: ゆ (yu)
  • Kan-on: ゆう (yū)←いう (iu, historical)
  • Kun: とり (tori, 酉)
  • Nanori: なが (naga)、みのる (minoru)

Compounds

  • 卯(ぼう)酉(ゆう)線(せん) (bōyūsen)
  • 酉(とり)年(どし) (toridoshi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
酉
とり
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From 鶏 (niwatori, tori, “chicken”), from 庭 (niwa, “garden”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

酉(とり) • (Tori) 

  1. the Rooster, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
酉
ゆう
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 酉 (MC yuwX).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [jɯ̟ː]

Proper noun

酉(ゆう) • (Yū) ←いう (Iu)?

  1. the Rooster, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

酉 (eumhun 닭/열째 지지 유 (dak/yeoljjae jiji yu))

  1. hen
  2. full
  3. old; ancient
  4. irrigate

Vietnamese

Han character

酉: Hán Nôm readings: dấu, dậu, giấu, giậu

  1. chữ Hán form of Dậu (“tenth of the twelve earthly branches”)
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Compounds

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