申

See also: 田 [U+7530 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7530], 甲 [U+7532 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7532], 由 [U+7531 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7531], and 𢑚 [U+2245A CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-2245A]
申 U+7533, 申
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533
← 甲
[U+7532] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 甴 →
[U+7534]
Text style Emoji style
🈸︎ 🈸️
Text style is forced with ⟨︎⟩ and emoji style with ⟨️⟩.
🈸 U+1F238, 🈸
SQUARED CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7533
← 🈷
[U+1F237] 		Enclosed Ideographic Supplement 🈹 →
[U+1F239]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

申 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田中 (LWL), four-corner 50006, composition ⿻日丨 or ⿻囗十)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 758, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21726
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1168, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2526, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7533

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 申
alternative forms
𢑚
𦥔
伸 “to extend; to stretch; to state; to explain”
𤰶
𠭙
𢑚
𦥔
伸 “to extend; to stretch; to state; to explain”
𤰶
𠭙
𦦀
𠭜
 

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
電 *l'iːns
胂 *l̥ʰin, *hlin
申 *hlin
伸 *hlin
呻 *hlin
紳 *hlin
眒 *hlin, *hlins
柛 *hlin
訷 *hlin
抻 *hlins
神 *hlin
朄 *lins

Pictogram (象形) — a bolt of lightning. Original character of 電 (OC *l'iːns, “lightning”) and 神 (OC *hlin, “god; deity; spirit”).

Etymology

“to extend; to state; to request; to announce; again”
From 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins, “to pull; to draw”) + devoicing causative or iterative (Schuessler, 2007).
9th earthly branch
From sense "to extend", denoting the moon's "extending" phase, i.e. waxing half-moon with a concave edge (Smith, 2010).
For its association with the monkey, compare Proto-Tai *liːŋᴬ (“monkey”), Proto-Hmong *ʔlinᴬ (“monkey”), and Proto-Mien *ʔbiŋᴬ (“monkey”).
“Shanghai”
From 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng), an alternative name of 黃浦江／黄浦江 (Huángpǔjiāng), the largest river in Shanghai.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • sin - literary;
  • chhun - vernacular.
Rime
Character 申
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 失人切
Baxter syin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕin/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shēn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 申
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shēn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ syin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥i[n]/
English 9th earthly branch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 申
Reading # 1/1
No. 11235
Phonetic
component
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*hlin/
Notes 甲金文象閃電，
後轉註爲電字

Definitions

申

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 電／电 (diàn, “lightning”).
  2. to extend; to stretch
  3. to state; to explain
    三令五申  ―  sānlìngwǔshēn  ―  to repeat and reaffirm the commands multiple times
  4. to request; to report
  5. to announce; to express
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) again; repeatedly
    申命記／申命记  ―  Shēnmìngjì  ―  Book of Deuteronomy (lit. book of reaffirmation of laws)
  7. ninth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
    1. monkey of the Chinese zodiac
    2. 3 to 5 p.m.
    3. seventh month of the Chinese calendar
  8. (～國) Shen (vassal state during the Zhou dynasty)
  9. Alternative name for 上海 (Shànghǎi, “Shanghai”).
  10. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 神 (“deity”)
  11. a surname

Coordinate terms

  • (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子 (zǐ), 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午, 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌 (xū), 亥 (hài) (Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

申

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. (humble) to speak
  2. the monkey, one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac
  3. to repeat

Readings

  • Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
  • Kun: もうす (mōsu, 申す, Jōyō)←まうす (mausu, 申す, historical)、もうし (mōshi, 申し)、さる (saru, 申)、かさねる (kasaneru, 申ねる)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
申
さる
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From 猿 (saru, “monkey”).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

申(さる) • (Saru) 

  1. the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
申
しん
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 申 (syin).

Proper noun

申(しん) • (Shin) 

  1. the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

Hanja

Wikisource

申 (eumhun 펼칠 신 (pyeolchil sin))

  1. hanja form? of 신 (“to extend; to stretch”)

Vietnamese

Han character

申: Hán Nôm readings: thân

  1. chữ Hán form of Thân (“ninth of the twelve earthly branches”)
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Compounds

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