呻

See also: 呷

呻	U+547B, 呻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-547B

← 呺
[U+547A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

呼 →
[U+547C]

Translingual

Han character

呻 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口中田中 (RLWL), four-corner 6500₆, composition ⿰口申)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 183, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3470
Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 600, character 3
Unihan data for U+547B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		呻
alternative forms		𣢘㕥𠲳𤶴

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 呻
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
電	*l'iːns
胂	l̥ʰin, hlin
申	*hlin
伸	*hlin
呻	*hlin
紳	*hlin
眒	hlin, hlins
柛	*hlin
訷	*hlin
抻	*hlins
神	*hlin
朄	*lins

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēn (shen¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sing¹ / ceng¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin / chhan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shen
  - Wade–Giles: shên¹
  - Yale: shēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
  - Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: san¹
  - Yale: sān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sing¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ceng¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cheng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ceng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

sing1 - literary;
ceng1 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin
  - Tâi-lô: sin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: syn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhan
  - Tâi-lô: tshan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhafn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰan⁴⁴/

Note:

sin - literary;
chhan - vernacular.

Middle Chinese: syin

Rime
Character	呻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	失人切
Baxter	syin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕin/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕin/
Li Rong	/ɕiĕn/
Wang Li	/ɕĭĕn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*hlin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	呻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēn
Middle Chinese	‹ syin ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥i[n]/
English	chant, drone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	呻
Reading #	1/1
No.	11237
Phonetic component	申
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	申
Old Chinese	/*hlin/

Definitions

呻

to chant; to recite
to groan; to moan

Compounds

呻吟 (shēnyín)
呻呼
呻喚 / 呻唤
呻嘶
呻嚬 / 呻𫫾
呻恫
呻楚
呻畢 / 呻毕
呻顰 / 呻颦
呻鳴 / 呻鸣
唫呻
唱呻
嚬呻 / 𫫾呻
悲呻
無故呻吟 / 无故呻吟
無病呻吟 / 无病呻吟 (wúbìngshēnyín)
酸呻
頻呻 / 频呻
顰呻 / 颦呻

Pronunciation 2

Cantonese (Jyutping): san³
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): san³

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: san³
  - Yale: san
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san³
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn³³/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: san³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sən⁵⁵/

Definitions

呻

(Cantonese, Nanning Pinghua) to complain; to express discontent
我都係呻下啫，唔係噉都唔畀咓？ [Cantonese, trad.]
我都系呻下啫，唔系噉都唔畀咓？ [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ dou¹ hai⁶ san³ haa⁵ ze¹, m⁴ hai⁶ gam² dou¹ m⁴ bei² aa⁵? [Jyutping]
I'm just complaining a little bit. Even that's not allowed now?
(Nanning Pinghua) to sigh (with regret); to heave a sigh; to let out a sigh

Compounds

呻氣 / 呻气
呻窮 / 呻穷
呻笨
呻飢莫呻飽 / 呻饥莫呻饱

References

“呻”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “呻”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 208.

Japanese

Kanji

呻

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: しん (shin)
Kan-on: しん (shin)
Kun: うなる (unaru, 呻る)、うめく (umeku, 呻く)

Korean

Hanja

呻 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin)

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Vietnamese

Han character

呻: Hán Nôm readings: thân

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