丘

See also: 丠, 坵, and 兵

丘	U+4E18, 丘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E18

← 丗
[U+4E17]

CJK Unified Ideographs

丙 →
[U+4E19]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丘 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人一 (OM), four-corner 7210₁, composition ⿱斤一)

Shuowen Jiezi radical №293

Derived characters

坵, 㚱, 岴, 拞, 㳋, 䂡, 蚯, 䟬, 駈, 邱, 屔, 乒, 乓, 兵, 岳, 茊, 虗

Additional Derived Characters

𠰋, 𬮾, 𪯫, 𪲀, 𣧭, 𱭬, 𥙂, 𪽽, 𥅔, 𥿤, 𮎈, 𡲌, 𧣜, 𧦺, 𧲰, 𧻁, 𨈬, 𫒒, 𬰘, 𩚨, 𱻏, 𩨼, 𪖛
𪟘, 𱛛, 𣢥, 𫠴, 𮨆, 𣉠, 𫘶, 𩿨, 𠔊, 𡊣, 𠬿, 𨚬, 𠇯, 𡘄, 𡶦, 𢇹, 𠤢, 𡙅, 𥬨, 𧟬, 𩬡, 𦦛, 𤵢
𤞈, 𥙠, 𥏾, 𱿷, 𨐻, 𱳕, 𪚺

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丘
Shang	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script j19598 j19599 j19600 j19601 j19602 j19603 j19604 j19605 j19606 j19607 j19608 j19609 j19610 j19611 j19612 j19613 j19614 j19615 j19616 j19618 j19619 j19620 j19621 j19622 j19623 Bronze inscriptions b12629 b12630 b12631 b12632 b12633 Small seal script s05951 s05952 Transcribed ancient scripts L11667 L11668 L11669 L11670 L11671 L11672 L11673 L11674 L11675 L11676 L11677 L11678 L11679 L11680 L11665 L11666
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
丘	*kʰʷɯ
邱	*kʰʷɯ
蚯	*kʰʷɯ
丠	*kʰʷɯ

Ideogram (指事) – hill. Earlier form closer to 丠, as in 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa). Compare 山. Unrelated to 兵 and 斤.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		丘
alternative forms		丠㐀𡊣㘳坵丠㐀𡊣㘳坵𠀈𠀉𠀌

Wang (1982) relates this word to 墟 (xū) "ruin-mound". However, Schuessler (2007) disagrees.

Schuessler considers two homophones , "hill, mound" and "village, district" to be the same word as settlements were often built on elevated grounds (for a parallel see 京 (jīng)) and traces this word's etymology to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-wa (“village”); within Sinitic, 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) is cognate with 里 (OC *rɯʔ) "village" and 街 (OC *kreː, *kreː) "road crossing, street"; outsides Sinitic, cognate with Mizo khua (“village”), Lai khûa (“village, cosmos”), and Burmese ရွာ (rwa, “village”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiū (qiu¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hiu¹
Gan (Wiktionary): qiu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hiû

(Hailu, HRS): hiu^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): hiu¹
Northern Min (KCR): kiú
Eastern Min (BUC): kŭ / kiŭ
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ku¹ / kiu¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khu / khiu

(Teochew, Peng'im): ku¹ / kiu¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹chieu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiū
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciou
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiu¹
  - Yale: chyōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiou
  - Palladius: цю (cju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jau¹
  - Yale: yāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiu³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiû
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiu^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯u²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiu^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /hiu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hiu⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiú
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiu⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kŭ / kiŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁵⁵/, /kʰieu⁵⁵/

Note:

kŭ - vernacular;
kiŭ - literary (incl. surname).

Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ku¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ku
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ku¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kiu¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: kiu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiu⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

ku1 - vernacular (incl. surname);
kiu1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khu / khiu
  - Tâi-lô: khu / khiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qw, qiw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰu³³/, /kʰiu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/

Note:

khu - vernacular (incl. surname);
khiu - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: ku¹ / kiu¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khu / khiu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu³³/, /kʰiu³³/

Note:

ku1 - vernacular (incl. surname);
kiu1 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹chieu
  - MiniDict: chieu^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹qieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: khjuw

Rime
Character	丘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去鳩切
Baxter	khjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiu/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuw/
Li Rong	/kʰiu/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰə/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiū
Middle Chinese	‹ khjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰə/
English	hill, mound
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丘
Reading #	1/1
No.	10523
Phonetic component
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷɯ/

Definitions

丘

mound; hill
山丘 ― shānqiū ― hill

沙丘 ― shāqiū ― dune
grave
to place a coffin in a temporary shelter pending burial
(dialectal) Classifier for fields: plot
(obsolete) ruins
(obsolete) empty
a surname
丘成桐 [Cantonese] ― jau¹ sing⁴ tung⁴ [Jyutping] ― Shing-Tung Yau (mathematician)

Usage notes

See 邱 (qiū).

Compounds

一丘一壑
一丘之貉 (yīqiūzhīhé)
下視丘 / 下视丘 (xiàshìqiū)
丘中有麻
丘井
丘八 (qiūbā)
丘園 / 丘园
丘堡 (qiūbǎo)
丘墓
丘墳 / 丘坟
丘墟 (qiūxū)
丘壑 (qiūhè)
丘壟 / 丘垄
丘嫂
丘山
丘木
丘林 (Qiūlín)
丘疹 (qiūzhěn)
丘腦 / 丘脑 (qiūnǎo)
丘陵 (qiūlíng)
丘隴 / 丘陇
丹丘
九丘
五比丘
介丘
八索九丘
員丘山 / 员丘山
商丘 (Shāngqiū)
圓丘 / 圆丘
圜丘
土丘 (tǔqiū)
太丘道廣 / 太丘道广
如丘而止
宛丘
宗廟丘墟 / 宗庙丘墟
寢丘之志 / 寝丘之志
山丘 (shānqiū)
島狀丘陵 / 岛状丘陵
左丘 (Zuǒqiū)
巴丘
恥丘 / 耻丘
恩重丘山
放情丘壑
旄丘
曹丘
松丘
梧丘之魂
比丘 (bǐqiū)
比丘尼 (bǐqiūní)
沙丘 (shāqiū)
泌丘
溪丘灣 / 溪丘湾 (Xīqiūwān)
炎丘
狐丘之誡 / 狐丘之诫
狐死首丘
畝丘 / 亩丘
皖南丘陵
皮諾丘 / 皮诺丘
砂丘
視丘 / 视丘
穹丘 (qióngqiū)
糟丘
胸有丘壑
膠東丘陵 / 胶东丘陵
華屋丘墟 / 华屋丘墟
華屋山丘 / 华屋山丘
虎丘
融丘
資丘 / 资丘 (Zīqiū)
赫丘利斯
陵丘
零落山丘
青丘 (Qīngqiū)
首丘
首丘之念
首丘之思
首丘之情
首丘之望
首丘夙願 / 首丘夙愿
麥丘老人 / 麦丘老人
黎丘丈人
鼻丘

Pronunciation 2

Since the Song dynasty, this character may be read as 某 (mǒu) to prevent mentioning the name of Confucius.

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mǒu (mou³)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄡˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mǒu
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mǒu
  - Wade–Giles: mou³
  - Yale: mǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moou
  - Palladius: моу (mou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʊ̯²¹⁴/

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see 兵 (“weapon; army; troops; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 兵).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see 蚯 (“earthworm”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蚯).
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

丘

(Jōyō kanji)

Hillock
Mound
Hill
Grave

Readings

Go-on: く (ku)
Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
Kun: おか (oka, 丘, Jōyō)

Compounds

丘(きゅう)上(じょう) (kyūjō)
丘(きゅう)疹(しん) (kyūshin)
丘(おか)辺(べ) (okabe)
丘(きゅう)陵(りょう) (kyūryō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
丘
おか Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see the following entry.

【おか】	[noun] hill [proper noun] a surname Alternative spelling 岡

(This term, 丘, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
丘
つかさ Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see the following entry.

【つかさ】

[noun] 阜, 丘, 高処: a small hill, a mound

Alternative spellings
阜, 高処

(This term, 丘, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

丘 (eumhun 언덕 구 (eondeok gu))

hanja form^? of 구 (“small hill”)

Compounds

고구 (古丘, gogu)
고구 (故丘, gogu)
고구 (高丘, gogu)
공구 (孔丘, Gonggu)
구강 (丘岡, gugang)
구롱 (丘壟, gurong)
구릉 (丘陵, gureung)
구리지언 (丘里之言, gurijieon)
구목 (丘木, gumok)
구묘 (丘墓, gumyo)
구민 (丘民, gumin)
구부 (丘阜, gubu)
구분 (丘墳, gubun)
구사 (丘史, gusa)
구산 (丘山, gusan)
구수 (丘嫂, gusu)
구수 (丘首, gusu)
구언 (丘言, gueon)
구우 (丘隅, guu)
구원 (丘園, guwon)
구정 (丘亭, gujeong)
구진 (丘疹, gujin)
구질 (丘垤, gujil)
구총 (丘冢, guchong)
구판 (丘坂, gupan)
구학 (丘壑, guhak)
구허 (丘墟, guheo)
능구 (陵丘, neunggu)
단구 (丹丘, dan'gu)
비구 (比丘, bigu)
비구니 (比丘尼, biguni)
사구 (沙丘, sagu)
상구 (上丘, sanggu)
소구 (小丘, sogu)
수정구 (受精丘, sujeonggu)
아구 (阿丘, agu)
연구/련구 (連丘, yeon'gu/ryeon'gu)
원구 (圜丘/圓丘, won'gu)
이구/니구 (泥丘, igu/nigu)
일구지학 (一丘之貉, ilgujihak)
잔구 (殘丘, jan'gu)
잠구 (潛丘, jamgu)
청구 (靑丘, cheonggu)
치구 (恥丘, chigu)
파구 (波丘, pagu)
하구 (下丘, hagu)
해구 (海丘, haegu)
화구 (火丘, hwagu)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Kunigami

Kanji

丘

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Kun: ふぁーい (fāi, 丘)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 丘(おか) (oka).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɸaːi/

Noun

丘(ふぁーい) (fāi)

hill

Vietnamese

Han character

丘: Hán Việt readings: khiêu, khâu, khưu
丘: Nôm readings: khâu, kheo, khưu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

Further reading

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Usage notes

See also

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Etymology 2

Etymology 3

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Etymology 2

Korean

Alternative forms

Etymology

Hanja

Compounds

References

Kunigami

Kanji

Readings

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Vietnamese

Han character

References