桐
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
Han character
桐 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木月一口 (DBMR), four-corner 47920, composition ⿰木同)
Derived characters
- 𫈷
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 525, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14770
- Dae Jaweon: page 914, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1198, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6850
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
桐 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (同) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 鮦 | *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ |
| 侗 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 恫 | *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 痌 | *tʰoːŋ |
| 同 | *doːŋ |
| 仝 | *zlon, *doːŋ |
| 銅 | *doːŋ |
| 桐 | *doːŋ |
| 峒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 硐 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 筒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 洞 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 烔 | *doːŋ |
| 挏 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 酮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 鲖 | |
| 眮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 衕 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 哃 | *doːŋ |
| 絧 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 姛 | *doːŋʔ |
| 詷 | *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 胴 | *doːŋs |
| 駧 | *doːŋs |
| 迵 | *doːŋs |
| 戙 | *doːŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːŋ): semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).
Etymology
See the possibly-related Burmese တုံး (tum:, “log”) for more (STEDT).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tung4
- Gan (Wiktionary): tung2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thùng
- Jin (Wiktionary): tung1
- Eastern Min (BUC): dùng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6don
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
- Wade–Giles: tʻung2
- Yale: túng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
- Palladius: тун (tun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tung4
- Yale: tùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung4
- Guangdong Romanization: tung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thùng
- Hakka Romanization System: tungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tung2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông / tâng / thâng
- Tâi-lô: tông / tâng / thâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: doong, daang, taang
- IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ²⁴/, /taŋ²⁴/, /tʰaŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴/, /taŋ²⁴/, /tʰaŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/, /taŋ¹³/, /tʰaŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴/, /taŋ²⁴/, /tʰaŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³/, /taŋ²³/, /tʰaŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
Note:
- tông - literary;
- tâng/thâng - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tong5 / tang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thông / thâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰoŋ⁵⁵/, /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
- tong5 - literary;
- tang5 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: duwng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Definitions
桐
- various trees related to the tung tree (now distinguished as oil-tung 油桐), particularly paulownia
- a surname
Compounds
- 刺桐 (cìtóng, “Indian coral tree”)
- 大岩桐
- 山桐子 (shāntóngzi)
- 廣東油桐 / 广东油桐
- 桐人
- 桐君
- 桐城派
- 桐宮 / 桐宫 (Tónggōng)
- 桐山 (Tóngshān)
- 桐木漯 (Tóngmùluò)
- 桐棺三寸
- 桐油 (tóngyóu)
- 桐生茂豫
- 桐花煙 / 桐花烟
- 桐花鳳 / 桐花凤
- 桐鄉 / 桐乡 (Tóngxiāng)
- 梧桐 (wútóng)
- 楊桐 / 杨桐
- 泡桐 (pāotóng)
- 油桐 (yóutóng)
- 海桐
- 海桐科
- 海桐花
- 焦桐
- 珙桐 (gǒngtóng)
- 白桐
- 福祿桐 / 福禄桐
- 空桐樹 / 空桐树
- 絲桐 / 丝桐
- 罌子桐 / 罂子桐
- 美桐 (měitóng, “American planetree”)
- 胡桐 (hútóng)
- 草海桐
- 莿桐 (cìtóng)
- 蓮葉桐 / 莲叶桐
- 血桐 (xuètóng)
- 野桐
References
- “桐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
桐
Readings
- Go-on: ずう (zū)←づう (duu, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō)
- Kan’yō-on: どう (dō)
- Kun: きり (kiri, 桐)
- Nanori: ひさ (hisa)、き (ki)
Compounds
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 桐 |
| きり Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. The tree may have been imported from China prior to the Nara period.[1]
The term might be from 切り (kiri, “cutting”), from the way that the tree is quick to send out shoots after being cut.[2]
Some sources[2] also speculate that this might be from some term 木理 (*kiri, “wood grain”) in reference to the desirable grain of this wood. However, 木理 is only attested with the reading mokuri, not kiri; also, the term is not attested until the 1830s, before which the Japanese terms for wood grain were 木目 (mokume, from the mid-1500s) or 木目 (kime, from the 1200s).
Pronunciation
Noun
桐 or 桐 • (kiri)
- [from 700s] the paulownia tree, Paulownia tomentosa
- Hypernym: 胡麻の葉草 (goma no hagusa)
- [date uncertain] a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of paulownia flowers and leaves
- [from 1781]
- (card games, hanafuda) The suit of paulownia in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of December in most of Japan (July in 虫花 (mushibana) decks, June in games from the Nagoya region, and November in Korea)
- Hyponym: 桐に鳳凰 (kiri ni hōō)
- [from 1798] (colloquial) a koto (Japanese zither)
- from the wood of the paulownia used as the soundboard
- Synonym: 琴 (koto)
- [from 1815] (colloquial) money, especially gold coins such as the 大判 (ōban) and the 小判 (koban)
- from the markings of paulownia crests on the coins
Derived terms
- 桐麻 (kiriasa)
- 桐油 (kiri abura)
- 桐紙 (kirigami)
- 桐ヶ谷 (kirigayatsu)
- 桐崎 (Kirisaki)
- 桐高 (Kiritaka)
- 桐竹 (kiritake)
- 桐壺 (Kiritsubo)
- 桐に鳳凰 (kiri ni hōō)
- 桐野 (Kirino)
- 桐の木炭 (kiri no kizumi)
- 桐の薹 (kiri no tō)
- 桐畑 (kiribatake)
- 桐原 (Kirihara)
- 桐火桶 (kiri hioke)
- 桐油 (kiriyu)
- 桐生 (Kiryū)
- 青桐 (aogiri)
- 秋桐 (akigiri)
- 油桐 (aburagiri)
- 飯桐, 椅 (iigiri)
- 犬桐 (inugiri)
- 岩桐草 (iwagirisō)
- 大内桐 (ōuchi-giri)
- 片桐 (Katagiri)
- 菊桐 (kikukiri)
- 臭桐 (kusagiri)
- 五三の桐 (gosan no kiri)
- 五七の桐 (goshichi no kiri)
- 三方桐 (sanbō-giri)
- 縞桐 (shimagiri)
- 総桐 (sōgiri)
- 太閤桐 (taikō-giri)
- 唐桐 (tōgiri)
- 蓮葉桐, 蓮の葉桐 (hasu no ha-giri)
- 針桐 (harigiri)
- 緋桐 (higiri)
- 前桐 (maegiri)
- 山桐 (yamagiri)
- 焼き桐 (yakigiri)
Idioms
- 桐一葉 (kiri hitoha)
See also
| Hanafuda suits in Japanese · 花札のスート (hanafuda no sūto) (layout · text) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1月 (ichigatsu) | 2月 (nigatsu) | 3月 (sangatsu) | 4月 (shigatsu) | 5月 (gogatsu) | 6月 (rokugatsu) |
| 松 (matsu) | 梅 (ume) | 桜 (sakura) | 藤 (fuji) 黒豆 (kuromame) |
菖蒲 (ayame, shōbu) 杜若 (kakitsubata) |
牡丹 (botan) |
| 7月 (shichigatsu) | 8月 (hachigatsu) | 9月 (kugatsu) | 10月 (jūgatsu) | 11月 (jūichigatsu) | 12月 (jūnigatsu) |
| 萩 (hagi) 赤豆 (akamame) |
芒 (susuki) 坊主 (bōzu) |
菊 (kiku) | 紅葉 (momiji) | 柳 (yanagi) 雨 (ame) |
桐 (kiri) |
Proper noun
桐 • (Kiri)
- a female given name
- a surname
References
- ^ “桐”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 桐 at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
桐 (eumhun 오동나무 동 (odongnamu dong))
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Tày
Han character
桐 (transliteration needed)
- Nôm form of toòng.
References
- Dương Nhật Thanh, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][3] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]
Vietnamese
Han character
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