紅葉

紅葉

1. red autumnal leaves

   香山紅葉／香山红叶  ―  xiāngshān hóngyè  ―  the red autumnal leaves of Fragrant Hills

   • 秋山樵路轉，去去唯靑嵐，夕鳥空林下，紅葉落兩三。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 《秋山》 (추산), before 1700

     Chusan choro jeon, geogeo yu cheongnam, seokjo gongrim ha, hong'yeop rak ryangsam. [Sino-Korean]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. (Xi'an Mandarin, Chengdu Sichuanese) matchmaker

• (red autumnal leaves): (Hokkien) 紅箬／红箬
• (matchmaker):

⟨momi₁ti⟩ → */momʲiti/ → /momʲidi/ → /momid͡ʑi/ → /momiʑi/

Shift from Old Japanese 紅葉 (momi₁ti → momichi).^[1]

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 紅葉づ (momizu, “to turn, change color; said of leaves”).^[1][2]

Orthographic borrowing from Chinese 紅葉 / 红叶 (hóngyè), see kōyō below.

• (Tokyo) もみじ [móꜜmìjì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [mo̞mʲiʑi]

• Audio:

  (file)

紅葉(もみじ) or 紅葉(モミジ) • (momiji) ^{←もみぢ (momidi) or モミヂ (momidi)?}

1. the turning (coloring) of leaves, especially in autumn
2. the colored leaves themselves
   • 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 4, poem 217; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 5)

     奥山(おくやま)にもみぢ踏(ふ)み分(わ)け鳴(な)く鹿(しか)の声(こゑ)聞(き)く時(とき)ぞ秋(あき)は悲(かな)しき

     okuyama ni momiji fumiwake naku shika no koe kiku toki zo aki wa kanashiki

     Deep in the hills a stag calls out as it treads across the autumn leaves: it is when I hear its voice that autumn seems the saddest.^[3]

3. 栬, 椛, 栴: short for 以呂波紅葉 (iroha momiji): the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum
4. short for 紅葉襲 (momiji-gasane): a style of layering garments with crimson on the front and blue (or dark red) on the back
5. (colloquial) venison, deer meat

   Synonym: 鹿肉 (shika-niku)

6. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of autumn leaves or the Japanese maple

   Synonym: 楓 (kaede)

8. (card games, hanafuda) The suit of maple (or autumn leaves) in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of October

   Hyponyms: 紅葉に青短 (momiji ni aotan), 紅葉に鹿 (momiji ni shika)

• 紅葉(もみじ)の錦(にしき) (momiji no nishiki, “brocade of autumn leaves → brocaded clothes”)
• 紅葉(もみじ)のような手(て) (momiji no yō na te, “hand like an autumn leaf → pretty hand of a young child”)
• 紅葉(もみじ)を散(ち)らす (momiji o chirasu, “disperse the momiji → blush one's face”)

• 紅葉(もみじ)に鹿(しか) (momiji ni shika, “a deer with momiji → a good arrangement”)

• 楓(カエデ), 槭樹(カエデ) (kaede, “maple tree”)

紅葉(もみじ)する • (momiji suru) ^{←もみぢ (momidi)?}suru (stem 紅葉(もみじ)し (momiji shi), past 紅葉(もみじ)した (momiji shita))

1. (of leaves) to turn (change color), especially during autumn

紅葉(もみじ) • (Momiji) ^{←もみぢ (Momidi)?}

1. a surname
2. a female given name

Shift from Old Japanese 紅葉 (momi₁tiba → momichiba).^[1]

Can be parsed as a compound of 紅葉ぢ (momiji, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 紅葉づ (momizu), “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”) +‎ 葉 (ha, “leaf”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

• (Tokyo) もみじば [mòmíjíꜜbà] (Nakadaka – [3])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [mo̞mʲiʑiba̠]

• Audio:

  (file)

紅(もみじ)葉(ば) • (momijiba) ^{←もみぢば (momidiba)?}

1. turned (colored) autumn leaves
   • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 5, poem 366; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 69)

     嵐(あらし)吹(ふ)く三(み)室(む)の山(やま)のもみぢ葉(ば)は竜(たつ)田(た)の川(かは)の錦(にしき)なりけり

     arashi fuku Mimuro-no-yama no momijiba wa Tatsuta-no-kawa no nishiki narikeri

     The sweeping stormy winds from Mount Mimuro weaves adorning Tatsuta river with a brocade of crimson leaves.^[4]

2. the leaves of the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
   • c. 1005–07, Shūi Wakashū (book 17, poem 1128; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 26)

     小(を)倉(ぐら)山(やま)峰(みね)のもみぢ葉(ば)心(こころ)あらば今(いま)ひとたびのみゆき待(ま)たなむ

     Ogura-yama mine no momijiba kokoro araba ima hitotabi no miyuki matanan

     Maple leaves on Mt. Ogura, if you have enough sense you will stay as you are until the next imperial visit.^[5]

For emphasis, the initial momiji is usually written in kana alone, as もみじ葉 (​momijiba).

/kou jepu/ → /koːjefu/ → /koːjeu/ → /koːjoː/

From Middle Chinese compound 紅葉 (MC huwng yep, literally “crimson, red + leaf”).

• (Tokyo) こーよー [kòóyóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːjo̞ː]

• Audio:

  (file)

紅(こう)葉(よう) • (kōyō) ^{←こうえふ (kouefu)?}

1. the turning (coloring) of leaves, especially in autumn
2. the colored leaves themselves
   • 1999 August 26, “紅(こう)葉(よう)の女(じょ)王(おう) [Queen of Autumn Leaves]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:

     鮮(あざ)やかな紅(こう)葉(よう)に囲(かこ)まれて暮(く)らす、緑(りょく)樹(じゅ)の霊(れい)王(おう)のお妃(ひ)。

     Azayaka na kōyō ni kakomarete kurasu, Ryokuju no Reiō no ohi.

     The consort of the Spirit King of Greenery, living within vibrant autumn leaves.

• 紅葉(こうよう)前線(ぜんせん) (kōyō zensen, “autumn leaf front”)

• 林間(りんかん)に酒(さけ)を煖(あたた)めて紅葉(こうよう)を焼(や)く (rinkan ni sake o atatamete kōyō o yaku, “burn autumn leaves to heat sake → enjoy autumn”)

紅(こう)葉(よう)する • (kōyō suru) ^{←こうえふ (kouefu)?}suru (stem 紅(こう)葉(よう)し (kōyō shi), past 紅(こう)葉(よう)した (kōyō shita))

1. (of leaves) to turn (change color), especially during autumn

紅(こう)葉(よう) • (Kōyō) ^{←こうえふ (Kouefu)?}

1. a female given name

Other various nanori readings.

紅葉(あかは) or 紅葉(あけは) or 紅葉(あげは) or 紅葉(いろは) or 紅葉(かえで) or 紅葉(くれは) or 紅葉(べには) or 紅葉(もみ) or 紅葉(もよ) • (Akaha or Akeha or Ageha or Iroha or Kaede or Kureha or Beniha or Momi or Moyo) 

1. a female given name

• 黃葉

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 紅葉つ (momi₁tu, “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”).

Possibly cognate with verb 燃ゆ (mo₁yu, “to burn”).

紅葉 (momi₁ti) (kana もみち)

1. the turning of leaves in autumn
2. the turned autumn leaves themselves
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 10, poem 2201:
     , text here

     妹許跡馬鞍置而射駒山撃越來者紅葉散筒

     imogari to₂ uma ni kura oki₁te Iko₁ma-yama utiko₁yekureba momi₁ti tiritutu

     Saddling my horse, I cross Ikoma's hill, where already the autumn leaves lie ruddy on the ground.^[1]

3. the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum

• Japanese: 紅葉 (momiji)

Compound of 紅葉ち (momi₁ti, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 紅葉つ (momi₁tu), “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”) +‎ 葉 (pa, “leaf”).

The pa changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

紅葉 (momi₁tiba) (kana もみちば)

1. turned autumn leaves
2. the leaves of the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)

• 紅葉の (momi₁tiba no₂, pillow word)
• 初紅葉 (patu-momi₁tiba)

• Japanese: 紅葉 (momijiba)