錦

See also: 锦

錦	U+9326, 錦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9326

← 錥
[U+9325]

CJK Unified Ideographs

錧 →
[U+9327]

Translingual

Han character

錦 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金竹日月 (CHAB), four-corner 8612₇, composition ⿰釒帛)

Derived characters

𡄎, 𢥅, 𢸼, 𣟡, 𥌹, 𬬃, 𧃃, 𥷏

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1311, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40569
Dae Jaweon: page 1812, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4222, character 2
Unihan data for U+9326

Chinese

trad.		錦
simp.		锦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (金) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
淦	kɯːm, kɯːms
顉	ŋɯːmʔ, ŋ̊ʰrɯm, *ŋ̊ʰɯmʔ
金	*krɯm
錦	*krɯmʔ
欽	*kʰrɯm
菳	*kʰrɯm
嶔	*kʰrɯm
撳	*kʰrɯms
捦	*ɡrɯm
鵭	*ɡrɯm
唫	ɡrɯmʔ, ŋɡrɯm
鈙	*ɡrɯms
崟	*ŋɡrɯm
趛	*ŋɡrɯmʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯmʔ): phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 帛.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐn (jin³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kím

(Hailu, HRS): gim^ˊ

(Meixian, Guangdong): gim³
Eastern Min (BUC): gīng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ging³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kím / gím

(Teochew, Peng'im): gim²
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁵cin / ³cin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
  - Wade–Giles: chin³
  - Yale: jǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gam²
  - Yale: gám
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kím
  - Hakka Romanization System: gim^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gim³
  - Sinological IPA: /kim³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gim^ˊ
  - Sinological IPA: /kim²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gim³
  - Sinological IPA: /kim³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ³³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ging³
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ging³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ³³²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kím
  - Tâi-lô: kím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiem
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kim⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kim⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gím
  - Tâi-lô: gím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giem
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡim⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡim⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gim²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kím
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵cin
  - MiniDict: cin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/
- (Northern: Suzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ³cin
  - MiniDict: cin^上
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡ɕin⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiŋ³²⁵/

Middle Chinese: kimX

Rime
Character	錦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居飲切
Baxter	kimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim^X/
Li Rong	/kjəm^X/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯əm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.k(r)[ə]mʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*krɯmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	錦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ kim^X ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.k(r)[ə]mʔ/
English	brocade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	錦
Reading #	1/1
No.	6680
Phonetic component	金
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*krɯmʔ/

Definitions

錦

brocade; tapestry; polychrome woven silk.
embroidered
bright and beautiful

Compounds

一匹錦 / 一匹锦
什錦 / 什锦 (shíjǐn)
八段錦 / 八段锦 (bāduànjǐn)
前程似錦 / 前程似锦 (qiánchéngsìjǐn)
前途似錦 / 前途似锦
十樣錦 / 十样锦
土錦蛇 / 土锦蛇
地錦 / 地锦
天機雲錦 / 天机云锦
奪錦袍 / 夺锦袍
如花似錦 / 如花似锦
宵錦 / 宵锦
富錦 / 富锦 (Fùjǐn)
尺錦 / 尺锦
廉錦楓 / 廉锦枫
拖地錦 / 拖地锦
摛錦 / 摛锦
操刀傷錦 / 操刀伤锦
文錦覆阱 / 文锦覆阱
晝錦 / 昼锦
晝錦之榮 / 昼锦之荣
晝錦堂 / 昼锦堂
晝錦榮歸 / 昼锦荣归
束錦 / 束锦
毳錦 / 毳锦
江淹夢錦 / 江淹梦锦
爛若披錦 / 烂若披锦
牙籤錦軸 / 牙签锦轴
玉食錦衣 / 玉食锦衣
穿花納錦 / 穿花纳锦
精神錦標 / 精神锦标
綾錦 / 绫锦
繁花錦簇 / 繁花锦簇
繡口錦心 / 绣口锦心
織錦 / 织锦 (zhījǐn)
織錦緞 / 织锦缎
織錦迴文 / 织锦回文
美錦 / 美锦
膏粱錦繡 / 膏粱锦绣
花團錦簇 / 花团锦簇 (huātuánjǐncù)
花天錦地 / 花天锦地
花攢錦簇 / 花攒锦簇
花營錦陣 / 花营锦阵
花簇錦攢 / 花簇锦攒
萋斐貝錦 / 萋斐贝锦
蜀錦 / 蜀锦 (shǔjǐn)
衣錦 / 衣锦 (yījǐn)
衣錦之榮 / 衣锦之荣
衣錦夜游 / 衣锦夜游
衣錦夜行 / 衣锦夜行
衣錦尚絅 / 衣锦尚䌹
衣錦故鄉 / 衣锦故乡
衣錦晝游 / 衣锦昼游
衣錦榮歸 / 衣锦荣归
衣錦過鄉 / 衣锦过乡
衣錦還鄉 / 衣锦还乡
衣錦食肉 / 衣锦食肉
裁錦 / 裁锦
貂錦 / 貂锦
貝錦 / 贝锦
貝錦萋菲 / 贝锦萋菲
迴文織錦 / 回文织锦
迴文錦 / 回文锦
鋪錦列繡 / 铺锦列绣
錦上添花 / 锦上添花 (jǐnshàngtiānhuā)
錦匣 / 锦匣
錦囊 / 锦囊 (jǐnnáng)
錦囊佳句 / 锦囊佳句
錦囊佳製 / 锦囊佳制
錦囊妙計 / 锦囊妙计 (jǐnnángmiàojì)
錦囊詩 / 锦囊诗
錦套頭 / 锦套头
錦字 / 锦字
錦字書 / 锦字书
錦官 / 锦官 (Jǐnguān)
錦官城 / 锦官城 (Jǐnguānchéng)
錦屏 / 锦屏
錦州 / 锦州 (Jǐnzhōu)
錦州市 / 锦州市
錦帆 / 锦帆
錦帳 / 锦帐
錦帶 / 锦带
錦心繡口 / 锦心绣口
錦心繡腹 / 锦心绣腹
錦旋 / 锦旋
錦旗 / 锦旗 (jǐnqí)
錦書 / 锦书
錦樣 / 锦样
錦標 / 锦标 (jǐnbiāo)
錦標社 / 锦标社
錦標賽 / 锦标赛 (jǐnbiāosài)
錦歌 / 锦歌 (jǐngē)
錦江 / 锦江 (Jǐnjiāng)
錦熏籠 / 锦熏笼
錦營花陣 / 锦营花阵
錦片 / 锦片
錦片前程 / 锦片前程 (jǐnpiànqiánchéng)
錦牋 / 锦笺
錦瑟 / 锦瑟
錦瑟華年 / 锦瑟华年
錦絃 / 锦弦
錦綸 / 锦纶 (jǐnlún)
錦緞 / 锦缎 (jǐnduàn)
錦繡 / 锦绣 (jǐnxiù)
錦繡前程 / 锦绣前程 (jǐnxiùqiánchéng)
錦繡山河 / 锦绣山河 (jǐnxiùshānhé)
錦繡心腸 / 锦绣心肠
錦繡江山 / 锦绣江山 (jǐnxiùjiāngshān)
錦繡河山 / 锦绣河山 (jǐnxiùhéshān)
錦花鳥 / 锦花鸟
錦茵 / 锦茵
錦荔枝 / 锦荔枝 (jǐnlìzhī)
錦葵 / 锦葵 (jǐnkuí)
錦蛇 / 锦蛇 (jǐnshé)
錦衚衕 / 锦胡同
錦衣 / 锦衣
錦衣夜行 / 锦衣夜行
錦衣玉食 / 锦衣玉食 (jǐnyīyùshí)
錦衣紈褲 / 锦衣纨裤
錦衣衛 / 锦衣卫 (Jǐnyīwèi)
錦衾 / 锦衾
錦袍 / 锦袍 (jǐnpáo)
錦襖 / 锦袄 (jǐn'ǎo)
錦迴文 / 锦回文
錦還 / 锦还
錦陣花營 / 锦阵花营
錦雉之衣 / 锦雉之衣
錦雞 / 锦鸡 (jǐnjī)
錦靴 / 锦靴
錦鞋 / 锦鞋
錦香草 / 锦香草 (jǐnxiāngcǎo)
錦體社 / 锦体社
集錦 / 集锦 (jíjǐn)
集錦照相 / 集锦照相
雲錦 / 云锦
黎錦 / 黎锦

Japanese

Kanji

錦

(Jōyō kanji)

brocade

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)^{←こん (kon, historical)}^{←こむ (komu, ancient)}
Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)}^{←きむ (kimu, ancient)}
Kun: にしき (nishiki, 錦, Jōyō)
Nanori: あや (aya)、かね (kane)

Compounds

錦(きん)繍(しゅう) (kinshū)
錦(きん)嚢(のう) (kinnō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
錦
にしき Grade: S
kun'yomi

Originally a compound of 丹 (ni, “red”) + 頻 (shiki, “repetition”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) にしき [níꜜshìkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɲ̟iɕi̥kʲi]

Noun

錦(にしき) • (nishiki)

brocade (generic name for weaving fabrics with various colored threads)
a word expressing beauty (for example, colors or patterns) (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Derived terms

錦木(ニシキギ) (nishiki-gi)
錦草(にしきぐさ) (nishiki-gusa)
錦衣(ニシキゴロモ) (nishiki-goromo)
錦草(ニシキソウ) (nishiki-sō)
錦蛇(にしきへび) (nishiki hebi)
綾錦(あやにしき) (ayanishiki)
高麗(こま)錦(にしき), 狛(こま)錦(にしき) (Koma nishiki)
紅葉(もみじ)の錦(にしき) (momiji no nishiki, “brocade of autumn leaves”)
大和(やまと)錦(にしき), 倭(やまと)錦(にしき) (Yamato nishiki)

Idioms

錦(にしき)を飾(かざ)る (nishiki o kazaru)
錦(にしき)を着(き)て夜(よる)行(ゆ)くが如(ごと)し (nishiki o kite yoru yuku ga gotoshi)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 錦 (MC kimX). Recorded as Middle Korean 금〯 (kǔm) (Yale: kum) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

錦 (eumhun 비단 금 (bidan geum))

hanja form^? of 금 (“brocade”)

Compounds

금강 (錦江, Geumgang)
금상첨화 (錦上添花, geumsangcheomhwa)
금수 (錦繡, geumsu)
금의환향 (錦衣還鄕, geumuihwanhyang)
지금 (地錦, jigeum)
추금 (秋錦, chugeum)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

錦: Hán Nôm readings: cẩm, gấm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]